یہ اقبال کے پندرہ سو خطوط پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس کی چار ضخیم جلدیں ہیں جسے سید مظفر حسین برنی نے مرتب کیا ہے۔ اقبال اتنی مصروفیت کے باوجود اردو میں سب سے زیادہ خط لکھنے والے شاعر ہیں۔ بہت سے مرتبین نے خطوط کے کئی مجموعے مرتب کیے ہیں مگر مظفر حسین برنی نے سب کو یکجا کر دیا ہے۔ اقبال نے جو خطوط لکھے وہ عقیدت مند سنبھال کر رکھتے تھے۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ خطوط کا اتنا بڑا ذخیرہ دستیاب ہو سکا ۔ شاید اور بھی کئی خطوط وقت گزرنے کے ساتھ سامنے آتے رہیں اور فکر اقبال کے نئے گوشے کھلتے رہیں۔
One of the aspects of the teaching and grooming of people by the the of tendencies and interest special the considering was (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet companions and preparing, guiding, grooming and appreciating them in their respective fields of special interests and tendencies. This consideration of their special interests and tendencies and grooming and guiding them in this respect enabled them to exercise their abilities and serve the society in the academic, preaching, political, economic, social, judicial, diplomatic and other aspects. Until and unless the interest and tendencies of youth are not kept in mind, abilities of youth can never be utilized. Our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) took great care of youth’s interests before their training for specific field. The present paper intends to analyze the life of five companions and their excellence in field of education which was result of the Prophet’s consistent guidance and grooming according to their special interests and tendencies which resulted in their extra ordinary status in their respective fields and constructive contribution in the establishment and strengthening the structural foundations of society. The present Muslim world is in the need of seeking the guidance from the life of the Prophet in this respect and considering the special tendencies and interests of the youth and grooming, guiding and upbringing them in their respective fields so that they could contribute to the positive and constructive upbringing of the humanity in general and Muslim society in specific.
At some instances, employees raise their voice while in other circumstances they remain silent. These behaviors affect task and non-task performance of employees. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how organizational silence and voice effect the ability of employees in displaying organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behavior. Furthermore, literature shows that organizational identification plays an important role in determining organizational non-task performance. To evaluate this phenomenon moderation effect of organizational identification were analyzed on the relationships of organizational silence and voice with organizational citizenship and counterproductive behaviors. The moderation effects were also analyzed between motives based sub-dimensions of organizational voice and silence, and individual and organizational based sub-dimensions of organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behaviors. This study was conducted on academic faculty of three public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan selected based on their respective organizational lifecycle stages. Results of the study show that organizational silence and voice negatively effects the ability of employees in displaying helpful non-task behaviors i.e. organizational citizenship behaviors. In contrast, they strengthen the display of harmful behaviors in employees i.e. counterproductive work behavior. The withdrawal and defensive motive based silence and voice has a negative relationship with organizational citizenship behavior and a positive relationship with counterproductive work behavior, while the prosocial motive based silence and voice promotes organizational citizenship behavior and prevents employee to display counterproductive work behaviors. Interestingly positive behaviors directed towards individual (OCBI) are also amplified with withdrawal and defensive motive based silence and voice while repressed by prosocial motive based of silence and voice. xviii Organizational identification was found positively related with organizational citizenship behavior while negatively related with counterproductive work behavior, organizational silence and organizational voice. When employed as a moderating variable the analyses resulted in four primary models. In model 1 and 2, organizational identification strengthened the negative relationship of organizational silence and voice with organizational citizenship behavior. On the contrary, in model 3 and 4 organizational identification dampens the positive relationship of organizational silence and voice with counterproductive work behaviors. Relationships between the sub-dimensions of the dependent and independent variables were also tested for the moderation effects of organizational identification resulting in 24 secondary models displaying varied results. This study provides an insight into the relationships between the variables of social exchange theory and the impact of different levels of identification on these relationships. In this study for the first time organizational silence, voice, citizenship, counterproductive work behaviors and organizational identification were studied together in a mutual relationship. Furthermore, literature is scarce about the said variables being investigated under the methodology employed in this study. Finally, these relationships have been tested at second level analysis by presenting and reporting relationship between the sub-dimensions of the variables. This study hence not only provides a detailed and comprehensive investigation and managerial implication itself but also encourages further wide-ranging investigations into the dynamic interconnections of voice, silence, citizenship and counterproductive behaviors.