پسلی
ڈاکٹرمجاہد عباس
لیکچرار شعبہ اردو، نمل، اسلام آباد
’’پسلی‘‘ کا بستہ اندر باہر سے دوات کی سیاہی کے سبب اس کے دل کی طرح داغ دار تھا۔ پلاسٹک کی ایک پرانی دوائیوں والی شیشی میں چند پرانی لیریں ، چند قطرے نلکے یا نالے کا پانی اور ایک سیاہ پڑیا ڈال کر اس نے دوات بنانے کی ترکیب اپنےہم جولیوں سے سیکھ لی تھی۔ شیشی کا ڈھکن ٹوٹا ہوا تھا جسے اس نے ایک لیر کی مدد سے مضبوطی سے باندھ رکھا تھا مگر اکثر اوقات دوات کے سیاہ قطرے اس کےقاعدے، تختی اور بستے میں رچ بس جاتےتھے۔ اس کا قلم کانے کا تھا جس کی نوک پر دوات جم کر کسی پھوڑے کے کھرنڈ جیسی ہو چکی تھی۔ وہ سکول کے احاطے میں داخل ہونے سے پہلے ایک لمحے کے لیے رکتا اور پھر دانت بھینچتا ہوا آگے بڑھ جاتا۔ وہ جب تختی پر الف ب ج لکھتا تو اس سے ایک حرف بھی سیدھا نہ لکھا جاتا۔ لکھتے ہوئے وہ اپنے ہاتھ کو اپنے ذہن کے تابع کرنے کی کوشش میں یوں محو ہوجاتا کہ اسے خبر ہی نہیں رہتی تھی اور اس کے بدن کی تختی ٹیڑھی ہو جاتی ہے۔ استاد کی آواز اسے چونکا دیتی اور وہ کچھ دیر کے لیے سیدھا ہو جاتا اور اگلا حرف لکھتے ہوئے پھر اس کا سرڈھلک جاتا، آنکھیں ترچھی دکھائی دیتیں اور وہ بہتی ناک کو الٹی آستین سے اپنی ہی دھن میں رگڑتا رہتا تھا۔
سکول سے گھر تک پہنچتے ہوئے اسے کئی دشوار راستوں سے گزرنا پڑتا۔ایک ایک کر کے اس کے ہم مکتب راستے میں چھوٹتے جاتے اور وہ اکیلا رہ جاتا۔ویسے بھی وہ سب کے ساتھ گھلتا ملتا نہیں تھا کیونکہ اکثر لڑکے اس کی ...
Allah Almighty, with his power, created the sky, earth and whole universe and provided all the necessities. Therefore, the work of preaching Islam is conferred upon the Ummah of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). There are the people who had been taught the teachings of Islam directly by Holy Prophet and they preached Islam in the same way as they were taught. They practiced all the teachings in their lives. Sahaba R.A, for preaching Islam, went to the east, west, north, south, Hind, Sindh and the corners of the world. As a result of their efforts, almost half of the world got the message of Islam. Tabaeen consisted of many people, in the light of Quran and Sunnah, conveyed the message of Islam throughout the world. In the same way, another group of people named Tab Tabaeen became prepared to spread the universal message of Islam. They didn't ignore any sacrifice to uplift the spirit of Islam. With their struggle, many great people like saints, jurist, reader and interpreter of Quran and Hadith born. These people tried their best to convey the message of Islam through written and spoken discourse. Religious books and places were introduced. That process of education, after many years, is still continuing. Presently, many religious places are constructed to preach spiritual guidance in which many great scholars and saints are engaged. History is witness that opponents went to extent possible level to aloof Muslims from teaching, preaching and guiding of lslam. Not only were this but the Muslims intended to end also. In these trials and tribulations, saints took responsibility on their shoulders and continued their struggle on the directed path of oneness, Prophet hood, Ahle Bait and Sahabas against the evil forces. Among such great Family of Pir Pagara is one whose line is continuing in Hind and Sindh. Insha Allah (If God wills) it'll continue till the last day. There is his great religious and social contribution. To convey, his valiant services towards people, research on this personality is dire need of the hour. In history, this research will be advantageous for the researchers to come.
Wheat is the most important staple food crop of Pakistan where as it stand second in rank throughout the world after rice. During the last century, the losses occurred in genetic diversity are due to the introduction of varieties with high yield and the structural changes in wheat farming systems and fragmentation of meta-population structures of wheat landraces. This rehearsal commanded to the development of landrace meta-populations of wheat and the emergence of farmers'' seed systems through which they retrieved and swapped diverse genetic material. Therefore, the wheat landrace is far from having a fixed unit, separate, and undeviating; diversity is related to the diversity of materials planted in the geographical area of the moment, to the level and pace of seed exchange among farmers. The abiotic stress such as salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, water logging, oxidative stress and toxic chemicals is severe intimidation of the natural state of the environment and agriculture as a whole. It is expected day after day an increase in the salinity of the arable land to have a global impact shock, within the next 25 years, leading to loss of land 30% to up to 50% by 2050. Thirty wheat varieties were grown in the field for three years on salt-affected soil under natural climatic conditions. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design with three replications. Three-year statistical analysis showed that the yield of combined grain harvest performance of varieties differed significantly. High potency salt increases the activities of antioxidant enzymes significantly; ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guiacol peroxidase (GPX) in the salt-tolerant varieties and in the salt-tolerant varieties, and activity (SOD) and (CAT) were not infected. At the same time, under the condition of salinity activities of antioxidant enzymes such as guiacol peroxidase (GPX) catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in sensitive product was lower than the control, and with respect to (APX) activity there was a big difference. Under salt conditions the Salt tolerant varieties had gained more amounts of K+/Na+ ratio, K+ content, RWC, and sensitive onesrecorded higher Na+ content and (CHL) at tillering stage. By resources of DNA fingerprinting techniques characterization of germplasm yield to genetic diversity quantitative estimate and specific germplasm identification. More diversity in germplasm more opportunities for superior results of risks from biotic and abiotic. The genetic diversity was also examined morphologically, biochemically and at the molecular level to evaluate the elite varieties for future breeding programs using saline stress as a limiting factor.