غلام رسول مہرؔ
غلام رسول مہر صاحب کی زندگی کا آغاز صحافت سے ہوا، وہ ایک زمانہ تک اخبار زمیندار کے عملہ ادارت میں رہے، پھر مولانا ظفر علی خاں سے اختلاف کی بنا پر عبدالمجید سالک سے مل کر انقلاب کے نام سے اپنا مستقل اخبار نکالا، جو اپنے دور کا مشہور اخبار تھا، اس میں اور زمیندار میں نوک جھونک چلتی رہتی تھی، انقلاب کے فکاہات جو سالک صاحب کے قلم سے ہوتے تھے، خاص چیز تھے، اس کو لوگ بڑے ذوق سے پڑھتے تھے، مہر صاحب تنہا صحانی ہی نہیں تھے، ان کا علمی و تحقیقی ذوق بھی بلند تھا، انھوں نے حضرت سید احمد شہید بریلوی اور غالب پر بڑی مبسوط اور محققانہ کتابیں لکھیں، ان کے علاوہ بھی بعض چھوٹی چھوٹی کتابیں ہیں، دارالمصنفین سے ان کو خاص تعلق تھا، ان سے کبھی کبھی خط و کتابت ہوتی تھی، ان کی موت سے ایک نامور اہل قلم اٹھ گیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۷۱ء)
Water and related issues are gaining importance in the present world politics. It is believed that water would be the source of some major future conflicts in many regions including South Asia. Water distribution between Pakistan and India has become a serious political issue since independence. The problem has its roots in the partition of the Indian Subcontinent in 1947. Although the issue was resolved amicably by the two states in 1960 and a treaty was signed, even then number of other issues developed after the treaty. One of the important aspects of the settlement route was the Indian refusal and Pakistan’s insistence on the presence and participation of any third neutral party. Despite the Indian policy of bilateralism on many regional issues, water disputes and resolution remained a classical example of multilateralism, where at least on four major occasions the settlements were reached with the involvement of a third neutral party.
Primarily this thesis aims to study the inter-temporal trends of agriculture land inequality in Pakistan which is one of the determinants of poverty. The access to land use a concept related to efficiency of operations on land (operational inequality) in Pakistan has declined over time and ownership inequality (distribution of land amongst owners) a concept which is relevant to equitable distribution has initially improved and then became stagnated. I have comprehended the process of agriculture transition in Pakistan and the data suggest that Pakistan's agricultural has been shifted to owners' self-cultivation either owners are cultivating lands themselves or using wage labors. Based on district level data in Pakistan, I have constructed a novel empirical model of multidimensional poverty, inequality, and development which is my modest contribution. Multidimensional poverty, land inequality (land ownership inequality) and food consumption inequalities are positively related and development and literacy have negative relationship with multidimensional poverty at district level. The consistent inequality in agriculture sector is failure of public policy in Pakistan. The policy of taxation and subsidies are somehow inducing land inequalities in the agriculture sector. I have studied the historical change in land revenue institutions in Pakistan and developed a simple model for computation of potential of agriculture income tax in Pakistan. Based on the results there is an encouraging potential of implementing agriculture income tax in Pakistan