An Appraisal of the Degree of School Effectiveness among Secondary Schools of Zamfara State, Nigeria

This study was conducted purposely to assess the degree of school effectiveness among public secondary schools of Zamfara State, Nigeria. In order to achieve this fundamental objective, one research question was formulated. A descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. Population of the study comprised the entire 2361 classroom teachers deployed in the 158 public secondary schools of Zamfara State-Nigeria. From the population of the study, a sample size of 266 teachers was extracted using a ‘Multistage Random Sampling Technique’. A semi-structured questionnaire developed by Lezzote and Snyder (2011) on a five Likert type scale instrument with 21 items was employed as an instrument for data collection. The instrument composite reliability was computed using Cronbach’s alpha method and obtained the value of .949. All data covered in the study were collected through a field survey approach. Analytically, the current study discovered that, the degree of school effectiveness was at a high extent with mean score (M=3.68, SD=0.15). Based on this finding, the paper recommends that, stakeholders in educational sector comprising government’s ministries, departments and agencies, policymakers, secondary schools’ principals, instructional teachers as well as the learners and their parents/guardians should reciprocally work together in the process of appropriate perpetration and advancement of effective school system and its practices.

Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement

Employee engagement in the corporate world, as well as in the academia, is an area of inquiry and exploration of its virtual importance. The objective of this research study is to present a conceptual model designed to probe the key antecedents and consequences of employee engagement, which determine the impact of empowering leadership, psychological capital, and job characteristics as antecedents, and employee service performance and organizational citizenship behavior as consequences related to employee engagement. This thesis replicates and expands Kahn‘s theory of engagement by integrating various variables designated as core antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. This research study is intended to contribute substantial knowledge to the argumentative literature on the employee engagement for academic researchers and business experts, which has mostly remained under the shadow of burnout concept based on Job Demand – Resource Model. The findings of this research study and significant suggestions, relevant to the banking sector will oblige leaders to re-evaluate their strategies and policies accordingly. Simple random sampling technique has been applied to select banks to collect requisite data through self-administered questionnaire from 1200 employees of the banking sector working in different banks posted in various cities located in all provinces of the Pakistan. The Analysis of a Moment Structures has been applied for confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS has been used to examine and determine inter-relationships among the study variables. PROCESS macro method developed by Hayes (2013) in SPSS has been applied to test the hypotheses. Empirical findings of the research study demonstrated positive and significant relationship among antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Similarly, the results confirmed the partial mediation of employee engagement between aforementioned antecedents and consequences. Overall, this research study establishes and concludes that Kahn‘s theory of employee engagement is a sound conceptual basis for further research on this subject and guides future researchers to consider application of this theory for exploration of other relationships in the purview of employee engagement.