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Emotional Disturbance in Learning Disabled Children

Thesis Info

Author

Mohd Murtaza

Department

Department of Special Education

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1992

Subject

Special Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676728372550

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ماں دی ممتا

ماں دی ممتا

پرانے زمانے دی گل اے کہ اک پنڈ دے لوک بہت ای ظالم سن۔ خاص طور تے اوہ پرندیاں دا شکار کردے۔ درختاں اتے چڑھ کے اوہناں دے آہلنیاںوچوں انڈے یاں بچے کڈھ لیندے سن۔ ایس پنڈ دے باہر اک بہت وڈا بوڑھ دا درخت سی۔ اوتھے اک طوطے نے آہلنا پایا۔ اک طوطا تے طوطی گلاں کردے نیں طوطا طوطی نوں آکھدا اے:

طوطیے من موتیے ایس نگری نہ جا

ایس نگری دے جٹ برے نیں پھائیاں لیندے پاء

اگوں طوطی جواب دیندی اے:

طوطیا من موتیا ٹاہلی میرے بچڑے لک ٹنوں ٹنوں

اوہناں دے دو چھوٹے بچے وی ہوندے نیں۔ طوطا آکھدا اے کہ میں پنڈ جاندا ہاں تاں جے بچیاں لئی کجھ کھاون لئی لے آواں۔ طوطی آکھدی اے۔

طوطیا من موتیا ٹاہلی میرے بچڑے لک ٹنوں ٹنوں

میں اپنے بچیاں نوں چھڈ کے نئیں جا سکدی جے میرے بچیاں نوں کجھ ہو گیا تاں میرا لک ٹٹ جاوے گا۔ میں مر جاواں گی۔ طوطا جان لگدا اے تے طوطی آکھدی اے۔ کہ توں ایس نگری نہ جا۔ ایس نگری دے لوک بہت برے نیں۔ اوہ تینوں قید کر لین گے تے جے تینوں کجھ ہو گیا تاں ساڈا کیہ بنے گا۔ طوطا ایہہ گل سن کے چپ کر کے بہہ جاندا اے۔ اوہ ٹاہلی تے بیٹھے ہوندے نیں تے جیہڑا وی مسافر ٹاہلی دے کولوں لنگھ دا اے۔ اوہ ایہو آکھدی اے۔

ٹاہلی میرے بچڑے لک ٹنوں ٹنوں

اک دن اک راہ گیر دھپ توں بچن لئی ٹاہلی تھلے بہہ جاندا اے۔ اوہدے کول روں ہوندا اے۔ طوطی روں ویکھ کے اوس نوں آکھدی اے۔

عرب اسلامی روایت کے برصغیر پاک و ہند میں تفسیر نگاری پر اثرات: عہد رسالت تا خلافت عباسیہ کے تناظر میں اختصاصی مطالعہ

It is an established fact that the mainthrust driving force  of all Islamic disciplines is the personality of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who appeared in the Arab Peninsula, spreading the rays of divine wisdom throughout the globe. He emerged and prevailed the Prophetic message in such a vivid style that the whole humanity confessed his lasting impressions. The Indian sub-continent has also been one of the impressed territories despite of having no direct social, cultural or religious relationships, yet some approaches from Indian sub-continental Rajas and presentations of gifts to the Prophet (PBUH) have been recorded in the history. Historians have expressed the reality that before Muhammad bin Qasim, a numbers of companions of Prophet reached India and played a pivotal role in making the suitable ground for embracing Islam. Hence, the Arab epistemological tradition engraved in the core of Indian hearts which consequently, reappeared and emerged in the classical exegetical literature of sub-continental scholars, such as Shah Waliullah and his off shoots both in India and Pakistan. This paper has been specifically articulated to explore the Arab impression on exegetical writings in the sub-continent

Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Based New Analgesic, Anti- Inflammatory and Antipyretic Drugs

The carboxylic acid group (-COOH) present in most commercial NSAIDs is thought to be partly responsible for the gastric toxicity associated with the long-term administration of these compounds. The goal of the present research was to determine if new NSAID derivatives devoid of acidic moieties would retain the anti- inflammatory activity while exerting a lower degree of gastric toxicity compared to the corresponding parent NSAID. In this regard, we replaced the carboxylic acid group in aspirin, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and naproxen with a series of quaternary ammonium moieties, and the resulting water-soluble NSAID derivatives were tested for anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity in vivo. Results of our investigation showed that replacement of quaternary ammonium moieties for the carboxylic acid group present in NSAIDs, yielded potent anti-inflammatory molecules without stomach ulceration when administered orally to rats. Among the new compounds, N- (2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propan-1-aminium chloride (a naproxen derivative) was the most potent anti-inflammatory agent (65.28% inhibition of inflammation at 6.4 mg/kg); however, unlike the reference compound naproxen (ulcer index = 108.7), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propan-1- aminium chloride did not produced gastric ulcers (Ulcer index = 0) when administered orally at equimolar doses (0.17mmol). These results suggest that the carboxylic acid group present in commercial 2-phenylpropionic acid NSAIDs is not an essential requirement for anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, and offers a new concept in drug design by using water-soluble ammonium moieties instead. Derivatives of salicylic acid were screened for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, and acute toxicity. The result of this study indicated that these compounds possess dose dependent statistically significant analgesic, anti- inflammatory and antipyretic properties, compared to aspirin, without causing gastric ulceration and acute toxicity.