شورش کاشمیری
شورش کاشمیری کی وفات بھی بڑا سانحہ ہے، ان کی نشوونما آزادیٔ ہند کی جدوجہد کے دوران ہوئی، انھوں نے آزادیٔ وطن کے علم برداروں کے ساتھ زندگی کا بڑا حصہ گزارا، مولانا آزاد، عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری اور مولانا ظفر علی خان سے انھیں گہرا تعلق تھا، ملک کی تقسیم سے پہلے ان کا قیام لاہور میں تھا، آزادی کے بعد وہ وہیں رہ گئے، لیکن انھیں وہاں کبھی اطمینان نصیب نہیں ہوا، ان کی زندگی کا بڑا حصہ جیلوں میں بسر ہوا، کبھی کبھی دارورسن کا خطرہ بھی ہوا مگر ان کے پائے ثبات کو کبھی لغرش نہیں ہوئی وہ بڑے قادر الکلام شاعر اور پرزور خطیب تھے، ان کا زور بیان اور حسن کلام مولانا ظفر علی خاں کی یاد دلاتا تھا، اعلان حق میں بڑی جری تھے اور اس راہ میں شدائد و مصائب سے کبھی ہراساں نہیں ہوئے، زندگی بھر تکلیفیں برداشت کرتے رہے، مگر کبھی باطل سے سمجھوتہ نہیں کیا، وہ دارالمصنفین کے بڑے ہمدرد اور بہی خواہ تھے اور اس کی خدمت و اعانت کے لئے ہمیشہ تیار رہتے تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو اپنے سایۂ رحمت میں جگہ دے اور ان کی حق گوئی کا پورا صلہ عطا فرمائے۔ (عبد السلام قدوائی ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۷۵ء)
‘Adl and Qisṭ is indeed a manifestation of God’s mercy, rather, it may also be seen as a principal objective of Shariʿah. The origin or sources of administration of justice in Islām are the Quran, Sunnah of the holy Prophet, consensus of opinions of the jurists of Islamic jurisprudence and Analogy (Qiyās). Justice is a sacred obligation of supererogatory. It is obligatory upon the Muslim rulers to appoint judges for the dispensation of justice to attain equality, to protect the human rights from their violation, to safeguard the lives and properties, and to maintain law and order in society. As a judge is supposed to accomplish a very important and noble task being a regent of Allāh, hence, some vital merits and criteria regarding the conditions and qualifications for the appointment of the Qāḍī or judge in the light of the Qur’ān, Sunnah and Islamic jurisprudence and the code of conduct for the Pakistani judges must be observed at all costs. The author of this paper has discussed these conditions and qualifications in this article. There are some unanimous conditions for the appointment of judges, while some others are not agreed upon. While presenting the difference of opinions of the Islamic jurists, the author tried to explain, reconcile the opinions and at some places presented her own view in the light of her analysis and arguments. These conditions are around thirty, but the author according to her own discretion chose some of the most important ones to discuss in this paper.
Aim: To study the influence of HIV infection on the development of contrast induced nephropathy in patients receiving radio contrast material
Design: Prospective cohort study
Patients and setting:One hundred and twenty five (125) HIV positive patients and one hundred and fifty five (155) HIV negative patients selected from in and out patient departments of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi and Aga Khan Hospitals in Mombasa and Kisumu, were evaluated for the study between August 2008 and August 2009.
Methodology: Eligible patients undergoing radiological evaluation requiring the use of radio contrast material were consecutively recruited for the study after which their HIV status was determined. A serum creatinine was determined before and 48 hours after administration of radio contrast material. The percentage change between the two values was calculated for each patient. Analysis was then performed to determine the relative risk of development of Contrast Induced Nephropathy for the HIV positive arm in relation to the HIV negative arm
Results: The incidence of contrast induced nephropathy was 12% in the HIV positive group and 14.2% in the HIV negative group (p=0.59) resulting in a non significant relative risk of 0.85 (95 % C.I: 0.458, 1.560).
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that HIV infection does not significantly influence the development of contrast induced nephropathy.