سورة الكوثر بين الإعجاز البلاغي وتحديات الترجمة

Since the inception of Islam, the translation of Quran’s meanings into other languages has always been an incessant need of the non-Arab Muslims. Although there are contrast views of Muslim scholars about the translatability and untranslatability of Quran into other languages for its innate miraculous meanings, tremendous efforts have been made, throughout the history, to make Quran easy for general public. Urdu is one of those languages in which Quran has been translated since Islam has brightened horizon of the sub-Continent. This research deals with the shortest Surah of Quran that contains plethora of meanings and rhetorical secrets with least letters, words and sentences. The research paper comprises of: Eloquence of al-Kawthar hinting the hidden semantic meanings. The problems of translating this chapter keeping in view to encompass the meanings of semantic eloquence during its translation. The researcher has confined the study to four Urdu Translations:   Translation of Sheikh Abdul Qadir, Translation of Sheikh Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Translation of Sheikh Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi Translation of Sheikh Abdul Majid Derya Abadi). The article deals with highlighting the difference between rhetorical miracles in the Qur’anic text and the shortcomings of its translations in an explanatory table and the research work comes to end with valuable results and suggestions.

Men As Victims of Violence in Partition Fiction

Partition of United Indiain the year 1947 was a phenomenal even to fideological proportion. More than any thing else,it was also a human tragedy resulting in the loss of millions of lives. As people migrated across the newly carved borders,an un precedented wave of ethnic violence destroyed their hopes offinding newer homes. The enormity of the impact of violence on the collectivesocial consciousness of the subcontinent was so much that a whole body of literature emanated which can betermedas“Partition Literature”.Fictional appropriationoftheincidenceofviolencehasbeenarecurrentmotifinnovelsandshort fiction. By that very fact,literary fiction based on partition,acts as one of the greatest reservoirs of the stories of violent events during partition. One of the great estpre occupation of Partition fiction is its engagement withthefigurationofvariedsituationsandcharactersas comingtotermswiththepsychologicalandideologicalrepercussionsofthegreatdivide. It is notsurprising,therefore,thatthefictional representationoftheviolenceproducedduring partitionsuchasmassmurder,arson,rape,mutilationofbodies,andotherviolentactsacross theborder,arecodifiedbygenderedreadings. However,whenitcomestomeasurethe magnitudeandenormityofloss,womenareconsideredtheworstvictimsoftheevent of partition.Inthisregard,thereadingsofpartitionliteraryfictionviewmenexclusivelyasthe activeexecutorsofviolentactsandwomenonlyasthepassivevictims.Inthisdissertation,I arguethattherepresentationofmenasvictimsofviolenceinPartitionfictionhasbeengiven acursoryandperipheral attention.Correspondingly, thisresearchattemptstoreadmenas victimsofviolenceasdepictedinpartitionfiction. Theintroductorychapterofthisresearchpresentsagenealogyofdifferentparadigms ofindigenousmasculinities. ChapterTwocoverstheemergingtheoreticaldebatesinWestern discourseonmasculinityanditsenrichingvalence forlocal andIndianmythology.Therefore, Icontextualizeadiscursiverangeofpatriarchal,mythical,andreligiousidealsinjectedinto theconsciousnessofmen.InChapterThree,Iarguethatmenbecomevictimsofviolence whentheyfeelboundtoanormativesetofmasculineidealsandpractice.Afailuretosuch performativeassignmentsmayleadtowardsthedisqualificationoftheirgenderedpotentials baggingforthemtitlessuchasunmanlyandemasculated.Theycannotescapethe consequencesofoptingoutpatriarchal idealswhichironicallylimittheirlives.Movingfurther inChapterFour,Ideconstructthemythofmalepowerupheldbythepatriarchal representationsoftheIndiansubcontinent;butinrealitydeflatedwithapersistentcolonial Syedaiii presence. ThecolonialreformulationoftheIndianidealsofmasculinitydis-empoweredthe Indianmen. Ascorollarytocolonial redefinitionofnativemaleinChapterFive,Iarguethat duringpartitionthemalebodyalsobecameasiteforsocio-political politics. Henceforth,in ChapterSix,Iconcludethatmenexperiencedtheemotionalandpsychological agonyand distressastheywere displacedduringthetumultuouseventsof1947. Inthisresearch,Ihaveemployed conceptsfromMasculinityStudiesandPostFeminismfortheoreticalanchorage.ThetextsincludenovelsentitledWhattheBody RemembersbyShaunaSingh,TamasbyBhishamSahni,TraintoPakistan,andDelhiby KhushwantSingh,CrackingIndiabyBapsiSidhwa,TheBrokenMirrorbyKrishnaBaldev Vaid,andSleepwalkersbyJoginderPaul.TheworksoftheMasculinists,R.W.Connell,John Beynon,WarrenFarrell,supportedbyJudithButler’sconceptoffluidgender,re-signification, andbodyasasite,endorsedbyFreudandLacan’sconcept offearofcastration,andfinally reinforcedbythetraumatheoriesbyJudithHerman,CathyCaruth,andNandiBhatia,helpthe analysisofdifferent formsofmalevictimization. Therefore,theresearchconcludesthatpartition(literary) fictionshowstheproblematic representationofmen’svictimizationwhichisseldom readforthefearofunveilingthe historical,political,andtheoreticaldiscoursesstrengtheninggenderstereotyping.Byputting anemphasisupontheshallownessoftheconceptofviolentnormativebehaviorinmenanda customarycodeofpatriarchal life,thisresearchexaminesthewaysinwhichthesemen struggletobeabletofulfilltheexpectationsofthesociety.Furthermore,theenforcedmodeof behaviouremasculatestheiridentityasamalegendertherebymakingthemasliableto violenceasanyothergender; afact alsooftenexternalizedbytheirbodiesturningintositesof violence.