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Effectiveness of library practicum

Thesis Info

Author

Kanwal Ameen, Amara Malik

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Subject

Library Science

Language

English

Other

Call No :020.7155 A 45 E

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676728441676

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المقدمة

المقدمة

الحمد ﷲ رب العالمین، رب الرحمۃ والمغفرۃ، والصلاۃ والسلام علی أشرف الأنبیاء والمرسلین سیدنا وحبیبنا محمد وعلیٰ آلہ وأصحابہ أجمعین وبعد:

 لقد قسمت ھذا البحث إلی أربعۃ أبواب، وکل باب یحتوي علی فصلین، ثم قسمت الفصول إلی مباحث۔

 الباب الأول: المقارنة بين عصر نازک الملائكة وعصر بروين شاکر . وكتبت عن الأدب المقارن بشكل مختصر جداً وماالفرق بين الموازنة و المقارنة .

 وقسمت ھذا الباب إلی فصلین،

الفصل الأول: ماهو الأدب المقارن؟

 وفي ھذا الفصل تحدثتُ عن تعريف الأدب المقارن وما هو الموازنة والمقارنة؟، وبدایۃ الشعر الحر، وحقیقۃ الشعر الحر، وھل الشعر الحر نوع من النثر؟ ھل کانت حرکۃ الشعر الحر قویۃ أم لا؟ ثم تحدثت عن بعض شعراء وشاعرات العصر الجديد وأعطيتُ نُبذة مختصرة عنهم ، واتفاق الشعراء حول نازک الملائکۃ ومکانۃ نازک الملائکۃ بین الشاعرات (النساء) في عصرھا۔

والفصل الثاني: الشعر الجدید في شبہ القارۃ الھندیۃ۔

 وتکلمت في ھذا الفصل عن الأدب النسائي، والشاعرات الباکستانیات في اللغات المختلفۃ ثم الأدب النسائي في اللغۃ الأردیۃ وأھم الشاعرات بعد توحید الباکستان۔ ثم الأدب النسائي والعھد الحاضر وتکلمت عن الغزل وبروین شاکر وأعطیت نبذۃ بسیطہ عن بعض أشھر شعراء العصر الجدید۔

 لقد تحدثت في ھذا الباب عن دور النساء في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ والشعریۃ بصفۃ عامۃ وعن دور نازک الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر وکیف أن لھما مکانۃ خاصۃ في الساحۃ الشعریۃ وخاصۃ في الشعر الحر والحزین لأن کلتا الشاعرتان من مشجعي الشعر الحر والحزین فأکثر أشعارھما دلیل علی میزتھما الخاصۃ ھذہ۔والنتائج المأخوذة من هذا الباب.

 

الباب الثاني: الشاعرة العظيمة نازک الملائكة۔

 وقسمتُ ھذا الباب إلی فصلین،

الفصل الأول: نازک الملائكة رائدة الشعر العربي الحُر

(الشاعرۃ...

MEWASPADAI VIRUS LGBT PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK

LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) is a frightening epidemic of society, especially in Indonesia. The epidemic also infects most children and adolescents. So as educators, both parents and teachers should pay particular attention  to the symptoms that cause virus LGBT in the community, especially in children's education. Because it is against the nature, norms, customs, religion and morals of humanity. Moreover, LGBT's behavior is not a disease transmitted through genes or disorders, but more to the consequences mistakes and erros of children’s education.

Immune Response of Buffaloes Against Brucella Abortus Vaccines

The effective control and eradication of brucellosis in developing countries can be achieved by quick and accurate diagnosis and effective vaccination. Protective efficacy of existing vaccines as well as diagnostic accuracies of various serological tests have not been thoroughly studied and verified in buffaloes, the prime dairy animal of South Asia. In the Present studies Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) and strain RB51 (SRB51) vaccines were tested for inducing humoral and cell mediated immune responses in riverine buffaloes of various age groups. The protective efficacy of these vaccines against abortions was also evaluated by challenge protection studies. Protein antigen of Brucella abortus vaccinal strains involved in protection was identified by western blot analysis. Moreover an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) for detection of anti-brucella antibodies in buffaloes was developed. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of developed test was compared with commercial ELISA test. Agreement between the two tests for negative sera was 100% and for positive sera it was 78%. In the vaccination study using S19 the peak antibody titres (P<0.05) were observed 30 days post vaccination using I-ELISA and Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). The mean ELISA titre persisted for 3 to 4 months in the vaccinated buffaloes but waned quickly in calves than adults and heifers. The agglutinating antibodies detected by RBPT declined below the analytical threshold earlier than ELISA. Vaccinated and non vaccinated control animals were challenged subcutaneously with 5× 109 cfu of virulent Brucella abortus during 1st gestation after vaccination. Significantly lower (P<0.1) abortions were observed in vaccinated animals. In SRB51 vaccinates significant increase (P<0.05) in the humoral immune responses were detected in all the three age groups by an I-ELISA using acetone killed SRB51 antigen 30 days post vaccination. However, all SRB51 vaccinates were detected negative by RBPT. The vaccinated and control animals, when challenged with locally isolated virulent biovar 1 between 6-7 months of gestation, revealed non-significant (P>0.1) differences between the probabilities of abortion occurrence. However, the percentage of abortion occurrence in vaccinated animals (44%) was lower than the non-vaccinated buffaloes (78%). Lymphocyte proliferation assays detected moderately high and consistent proliferative responses in all of the S19 vaccinated adults, heifers and calves after 6 weeks of immunization. The lymphocyte proliferative responses of SRB51 vaccinate were low and inconsistent and only 77% of the immunized animals exhibited positive proliferative responses. Western immunoblot analysis using antisera raised against all three B. abortus strains in buffaloes indicated a near similar pattern of immune-reactive OMPs in S19 and field strain. Two OMPs of molecular weight 37-38 and 19 kDa were immuno-reactive in all strains in buffaloes. Two distinct proteins of molecular weights of 190.5 and 151.3 kDa were identified in field strain but not in both of the vaccinal strains of B. abortus.