Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance: A Conceptual and Literature Review

Sustainable development is considered as or can be one of the ways in achievement, progress, and benefit for organizations. Organizations use and utilize this source to require a system on which they can rely upon and keeping in mind the end goal to recognize openings and associated risks and to make, realize, control, and upgrade the sustainable goals of corporations which to be both progressively viable (for themselves and the overall population) and increasingly productive in terms of monetary. Based on the content analysis and literature review, this paper review and proposed the conceptual framework on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its effect on Organizational Performance of Pakistan’s retail banks. It is conceptual type of research which possesses four hypotheses, first Independent Variable is CSR and Four Dependent Variables such as, Organizational Performance (OP), Financial Performance (FP), Employee Commitment (OC) and Organizational Reputation (OR) and these are not proven in this research. This paper suggests that by initiating the practices of corporate social responsibility can improve the performance of the organization and also increase its financial position, commitment level of the employees and improve the overall reputation or the company. Different literature suggests that this research could be done with primary as well as secondary sources sometimes the researchers have used mixed form of methodologies, this study is based on secondary data using internet which is one of the powerful tools to generate the data. Researchers conclude and give some suggestions for the future research work with the discussion on previous literature review.

Magical Realism and Social Protest in the Works of Gabriel García Márquez

The technique of magical realism is relevant to the postcolonial reality and the subsequent voice of protest raised against the ways in which (post)colonialism has told upon the politico-social and cultural economy of the (previously-)colonized nations. Labelled as subversive, hybrid and mestizo, magical realism has been noted to be a significant tool of social protest. However, the effectiveness of the relationship between magical realism and social protest, with reference to the works of García Márquez, have not been focus of a detailed scholarship. The present thesis explores how and in what ways magical realism has been helpful to García Márquez in registering protest against exploitation, which is a major form of social injustice. His recourse in magical realism has a definite and visible political edge and his work not only does make the reader question the so-called absolute nature of the real, but also reviews the borders of an unconsciously politicised ideology that (de-)shapes the very structure of his worldview. This thematic research is an effort to demonstrate that García Márquez’s fiction has overt political implications along with an undertone of protest against social injustice. He achieves the desired intensity of protest by the means of magical realism, in which he incorporates and juxtaposes various elements derived from disparate sources, e.g. oral/folklore culture, myth, and stereotypes. To ultimately bring forth and enhance the themes, the disparity of sources is manifested in the very structure of his fiction and is further strengthened by an essentially carnivalesque language founded on hyperbole, humour, and irony. It has been generalised that it is on the basis of these textual features that a magical realist text is able to challenge Western epistemology, proving the socalled rational as inconsistent and arbitrary in all respects.