Socio-Economic Factors of Differences in Public Health-Related Variables among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study examines the association of living areas (slum and non-slum) with the selected public health-related variables in the presence of socioeconomic variables among married women and also having a child. A total of 150 women aged 18 to 49 are selected of which 50 women from slums and 100 women are from non-slum areas of Multan by applying the cluster and random sampling techniques. The cross-tabulation method is used to find the results. The dependent variable is Body Mass Index (BMI) and it is analyzed with the socio-economic variables such as mass media index, household characteristics and education. The findings exhibit that the BMI of the women living in the slum areas is low due to a low level of education, lack of mass media access, bad household structures, and poor or ignorant area. The women of the slum area have fewer mass media access, poor status of household characteristics and less education as compared to the women living in the non-slum areas. BMI is significantly affected by area, women's education and household characteristics except for physical work, job status, mass media access and husband education. The findings of this study suggest that to provide health facilities or to reduce the gap in public health, education, mass media access and households characteristics might be considered while making any decision related to the slum and non-slum areas.

The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in Relationship Between Intellectual Capital and Organizational Performance

Human resource has become the most valuable possessions of any organization for their long-term survival and for becoming competitive. Now organizations main focus is on the development, retention, and management of human resource in such a way that will have more productive and profitable impacts on organization performance. In 21st century concepts like organizational performance and its relation with human resource management has become the most demanding research topics. To this end, the present study highlighted the important contribution of the psychological resources of employees in organizational performance. The main purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of psychological capital in the relationship between intellectual capital and organization performance with reference to the software industry with Pakistan?s context. Survey type of research was applied for data collection through a questionnaire. A convenience sample of 320 software developers from software companies registered with P@SHA participated in this research and data was analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistics.This quantitative study was built on the theoretical foundation of resource-based theory and social network theory and also advocates the mediation model of Andrew Hayes for reporting the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance Consistent with previous literature correlation results indicated that there is a significant relationship between the three constructs. Moreover,the regression analysis results confirmed that psychological capital mediates the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance. It is concluded from results insertion of psychological not only increase organizational performance, but it also boosts the intellectual capital of employees. So, it is empirically confirmed that the development of psychological resources of employees has multiple positive impacts on employees and organizational performance. Keywords: Intellectual capital, Psychological capital, Organizational performance, Networking theory, Mediation, Gender