مولانا محمد ثانی
[بھانجہ مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی الندوی]
ہمارے حبیب لبیب اورقرآن کے عبدمنیب مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی الندوی کو گزشتہ دوتین برس میں جوحوادث پیش آئے ایک ضعیف قلب انسانی کی قوت برداشت کاامتحان لینے کے لیے کچھ کم نہ تھے کہ اب گزشتہ فروری میں حقیقی بھانجے مولانا محمد ثانی کی بمرض سگ گزیدگی ۵۶برس کی عمر میں دردناک موت کاحادثہ فاجعہ پیش آگیا۔اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
سچ کہا کسی نے جن کے رتبے ہیں سوااُن کو سوامشکل ہے، لیکن چونکہ مولانا کاگھرانہ’’ایں خانہ ہمہ آفتاب است‘‘ کامصداق ہے اس بناپر اس طرح کا حادثہ تنہا مولانا کانہیں بلکہ علم و ادب اور دین وشریعت کے عالم کا حادثہ ہوتاہے، چنانچہ اس مرتبہ بھی ایساہی ہوا، مرحوم ندوۃ العلماء اورمظاہرالعلوم سہارنپور دونوں درس گاہوں کے تعلیم یافتہ تھے۔ حدیث کادرس شیخ الحدیث حضرت مولانا محمدزکریا صاحب مدظلہ العالی سے لیا تھا اوران کے خلیفۂ مجاز بھی تھے۔ تصنیف وتالیف کا ذوق فطری تھا، سوانح نگاری کاخاص سلیقہ رکھتے تھے، چنانچہ مولانا سہارنپوری اور مولانا محمد یوسف کی ضخیم سوانح عمریاں لکھیں اورمقبول خاص وعام ہوئیں۔ مترجم بھی بہت اچھے اورشاعر شیوابیان بھی تھے۔ ’’ رضوان‘‘ کے نام سے خواتین کاایک ماہنامہ بھی ایڈٹ کرتے تھے۔عملاًواخلاقاً نہایت زاہد و عابد،بے غرض وبے لوث، خاموش مگر متواضع وخندہ جبین تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب کرے اورمولانا علی میاں اوردوسرے اہل خانہ کو صبرجمیل کی توفیق عطاہو۔آمین
[اپریل۱۹۸۲ء]
This research is conducted, in order to perceive the attitude of higher secondary level students of Sindh towards science. Students (Male = 448, Female = 648) belonging to higher-secondary level (Class-XI & XII) from Hyderabad division were surveyed. Students were divided in Urban (N=455) and Rural (N=641) groups accordingly. “Test of Science Related Attitudes” known as TOSRA, initially developed by (Fraser, 1978) was adapted and translated in Urdu as well, was used as the attitude measurement instrument. Internalk consistancey was checked with Cronbach’s alpha reliability test. After pilot study the test was administrated. Significant difference of the attitude towards science across the students was noticed based on their gender and their locale. The results show that, with small effect size, male students significantly scored higher on almost all of the attitude sub-scales of TOSRA as compared to female students. Interestingly, students belonging to rural areas significantly scored higher with medium effect size on all the attitude sub-scale towards science as compare to students from urban areas.
Biodiversity is the source of energy and goals to maintain ecosystem for future. Present study of “Biodiversity and molecular characterization of Spider fauna of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa” was carried out in districts (Mardan, Swabi, Malakand, Swat, Dir Lower, Dir Upper, Peshawar, Charsadda, Kohat, Hangu, Karak, Lakki Marwat, Dera Ismail Khan, Mansehra, Battagram and Bajur Agency (F. A. T. A) from 2013 to 2016 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. All the species were collected during different times of seasons but mostly from March to November of above mention years. The specimens of spiders were collected through hand picking, beat sheet, pitfall trafs and sweep nets in different ecological niches. Preserved specimen were observed under stereomicroscope with supply of light, While pictures were taken by Leca MZ 16 microscope with power light and diagram ofmales and females genitalia were drawn with compound microscope with tube camera (Lecucida). Also, Molecular work was carried out, to extract DNA from four legs of spider species of subtribe Aelurillina (Salticidae) by DNA extraction kits. Four genes (28SrDNA, Wingless, 16S-ND1, COI) were amplified and sequenced by using primers. This study admits nine families of spiders (Araneae) contain twenty Six Genera and distributed in thirty seven species. The species are Aelureillus sp.nov, Aelureillus logunov, Bianor albobimaculatius, Bianor Pujabiicus, Carrohotus sannii, Castianeira sp.nov., Clubiona sp.nov., Crossopriza maculipes, Epocilla sp.nov., EvarchaArabeca, Hasarius adansonii, Heteropoida afghan, Hippasa paritita, Langona calcarata, Langona sp.nov., Lycosa sp.nov., Myrmarachni bicuirvata, Olios sanguinifrons, Oxyopies javana, Pardosa birmanica, Pardosa chaihraka, Pardosa flavisteirna, Peuceitia Arabica, Phelgra bresnieri, Plexippus Kondarensis, Plexippus paykulli, Plexippoides flavescens, Pseudicius admirandus, menemerus nigli (female first time described), steinaelurillus sp.nov., Thanatus fornicatius, Thyene Imperialis,Xysticus preuidocristatus, Yaginumaella sp.nov.,Zelotes spinuilosus. These Species are distributed in genera Bianor, Carrohotus, Castianeira, Chinattus, Clubiona, Crossopriza,Epocilla, Evarcha, Hasarius, Heteropoda, Hippasa, Olieos, Oxyopies,Lycosa,Myrmarachni, Pardosa, Peuceitia, Phlegra, Plexippous, Plexippoides,Pseudicius, Rhene, Thyene,Steinaelurillus, Xysticus, Yaginumaella, Zelotes and consitituted by the Families Corinnidae Clubionidae, Lycosidae Oxyopidae, Philodromidae, Pholcidae, Salticidae, Sparassidae, Thomisidae,. Present study determined 10 new to science species from genera Aelureillus, Castianeira, Chinattus, Clubiona, Epocilla, Evarcha, menemerus Female, Langona, Lycosa, Rhene, Steinaelurillus, Yaginumaella, some of them have been submitted for publication. The more diverse family is Salticidae with 14 genera and 23 species. The aim of the present study was to know the current status of unexplored region for spiders biodiversity with molecular phylogenetic studies to show the present relations of species with their ancestors. We recommend future work on Taxonomy, Biodiversity and Molecular Phylogenetic study of araneae and related arachnids of Pakistan.