Phase-dependent expression profiling and quantification of several growth factors in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

Growth factors are the potential operational members which control different phases of liver regeneration. Different growth factors have expression regulation in the whole process relating to different phases of liver regeneration. Objective: To assess the expression regulation of different growth factors and cytokines involved in liver regeneration in a phase-dependent manner. Methods: Blood and liver samples were collected and analyzed on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th postoperative days after 50% Partia hepatectomy (PHx). Results: Steady increase of liver regeneration rate was recorded from 90.8% (1st day) to 97.9% (7th day). Liver function tests further confirmed the steady liver recovery in PHx mice. Several growth factors such as HGF and VEGF exhibited an up-regulation till 5th day and later gradual decrease till 14th day compared to control mice. Albumin, CK18 and CK19 showed sequential expression increase from 1st to 14th day compared to AFP and HNF-4α upregulated until 5th and 1st day, respectively. Quantification of these growth factors further confirm our results. Conclusions: Conclusively, these results highlight a phase-dependent regulation and role of growth factors in liver regeneration and recovery

Middleware Architecture for Securing and Improving Ip Multimedia Subsystem Ims Based Next Generation Network Multimedia Services

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), an architectural framework for Next Generation Networks (NGN) planes to converge all the networks and services on one IP based platform. IMS application plane consists of various types of application servers those provides different types of services. These Services include Presence, Instant Messaging, Push to talk over cellular, multiparty conference etc. IMS application server and other servers are subject to various types of security threats including time dependent and time independent attacks. Moreover currently available service features are not enough to meet the needs of daily life communication. To secure the application plane we proposed a signature based role oriented Intrusion Detection and Prevention (IDP) system. An anomaly detection module is also added to increase the level of security. We also proposed few other solutions those add security in IMS application plane. These solutions include User preferences based instant messaging, presence based instant messaging, election based referring, location based deletion of malicious users etc. To enrich the IMS based multimedia services we developed different solutions for different services and these solutions include presence enabled call setup, media mixing through presence information, floor control mechanism, parameterized referring, election based right allocation mechanism etc. To test the developed solution we create an IMS testbed by using open source solutions. Prototypes of services are also developed. The results are obtained by implementing the proposed solution over the testbed. It is observed that the proposed solutions enhances the security of IMS based services, and include value added features to make them feasible for more daily life scenarios.