تشکیل معاشرہ میں تصوف کی بنیاد اخلاق حسنہ کا کردارایک تحقیقی مطالعہ

Almighty sent his chosen prophets to every Ummah to teach them the lesson of goodness and to avoid evil. The purposes of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) were reform processes: to teach and guide, and pushed the people to Almighty Allah. According to the narrative in Islamic law, everyone's either Muslim or non-Muslim, relative or/neighbor has determined the right to live things. And good conduct is that because Abdullah bin Mubarak said That is, "Meeting old habits, doing righteousness, and forbidding people to hurt you". If human behavior is good then its own life will also pass through fortune and joy, and it will also be the mercy and chain of things for others. Collective relations, interacting with the recipients, and the Family system, is proven to be a source of intelligence. The result of the happy moral is Reality and Heaven of Arman al-Rahman, and the fulfillment of the Prophecy is the wrath of Lord Koran and the Fire of Hell.  

Study of Dielectric Properties of Various Graphene/Metal/Polymer Nanocomposites

The aim of the present research work is to synthesize flexible polymer based nanocomposites with excellent dielectric properties. Compounds and composites with high dielectric constant are in demand in electronic industry due to their ability to store more charge, while energy dissipation is low there. So it is needed to synthesize materials with ability to store more and more charge. In presented research work, flexible three phase nanocomposite films of graphene/metal/polymer were synthesized with reasonably high dielectric constant or real part of permittivity and very low dielectric loss or imaginary part of permittivity. Ternary nanocomposite films were synthesized by using three different polymers i.e., poly(vinyl alcohol), polyvinylidene fluoride and polydimethysiloxane as matrix. Graphene and two ceramic metals oxides i.e., titania and barium titanate were reinforced in the polymers as conducting and metal additives, respectively. In this way six different types of ternary nanocomposite films with different combinations of fillers and polymers were synthesized. Each ternary nanocomposite series was synthesized by varying w/w of graphene while keeping concentrations of ceramic and polymer constant. After setting optimized conditions for concentrations of graphene, w/w of ceramic filler was varied and concentrations of ceramic and polymer were kept fixed. Each ternary graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, raman spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetrical analysis to study their morphology, structures, presence of functional groups and thermal stability respectively. Dielectric characterization of each ternary graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite film was carried out at room temperature. Ternary nanocomposite with highest dielectric constant and lowest dielectric loss were explored for each ternary nanocomposites series. Dielectric constant of poly(vinyl alcohol), Polyvinylidene fluoride and polydimethysiloxane was increased from 13.3, 20.5 and 6.5 to 330, 159.8 and 108.3, respectively, with addition of graphene and titania. While dielectric constant of poly(vinyl alcohol), Polyvinylidene fluoride and polydimethysiloxane was increased from 13.3, 20.5 and 6.5 to 66, 199.9 and 116.9, respectively, with addition of graphene and barium titanate. Even with such high dielectric constant, dielectric loss of all ternary nanocomposites was still very low i.e., less than 5 which is required for energy storage devices. AC conductivity and complex electric modulus of all neat polymers and ternary graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite films were also calculated and compared. The superiority of this method is that synthesized three phase graphene/ceramic/polymer nanocomposite films have hybrid properties like high dielectric permittivity and low dielectric loss of fillers and flexibility and mechanical strength of polymers. All analyses of graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite films confirm their excellent capacitive performance. On the basis of results it is concluded that synthesized ternary graphene/metal/polymer nanocomposite films are fairly good candidate to be used as dielectric medium in energy storage devices like capacitors.