قریشی ثناء اﷲ (۱۹۲۰۔۱۸۲۵) ظفروال میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ قریشی تخلص کرتے تھے۔ صاحبِ طرز شاعر تھے۔ زمانہ کی دست برد کی وجہ سے آپ کا کلام نہیں ملتا۔ چند اشعار آپ کے ایک شاگرد رشید کی بیاض سے دستیاب ہوئے ہیں۔ ’’سرزمینِ ظفر وال‘‘ ظفر وال کے شعرا کے تذکرے سے بھی آپ کے کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ کئے جا سکتے ہیں:
مجرم نیا ہوں مرا پیشہ جرم ہے غافل تھا روزہ داری میں تارک نماز سے
بے شک گزر گیا ہوں میں حدِ گناہ سے کرتا رہا ہوں رحمت بے حد پہ ناز سے (۵۸)
۵۸۔ آتش کشمیری ،’’زمینِ ظفر وال‘‘، لاہور‘ ۱۹۵۲ء ، ص:۲۹۷۔۲۹۸
White gold is a man-made bright, white and antioxidant compound, made by mixing platinum and palladium in gold or silver, nickel and some copper in gold, and when yellow gold is added to the various metallic compounds above, it turns white. White Gold was invented in the early 19th century, then it was a mixture of platinum and palladium, but nowadays white gold is a mixture of nickel, platinum, palladium and magnesium, while sometimes it contains copper, zinc and silver. It turns white with color. First White Gold was introduced by Germany in 1912 for sale in the market and then by 1920 White Gold gained popularity as an alternative to platinum. Nowadays white gold is more popular, more favored and is more expensive than yellow gold. White gold is actually yellow gold, with addition of various metals it turns to white so it will apply all the rules that Islam has applied to gold and it is not permissible for a Muslim man to wear its ornaments. However, it is permissible for a woman to wear all kinds of jewelry and Zakat will be obligatory on the man and woman who have the white gold according to the quantity limit prescribed by the prophet (SAW).
History of medium of instruction in Pakistan is marked by alternations mainly between two languages i.e. Urdu and English, the former being its national while the latter official language. Lately, the government of Punjab took an ostensibly decisive step in this regard by imposing EMI (English as Medium of Instruction) for content subjects in all public sector schools of Punjab. It led to a complex situation because the teachers, expected to use EMI, are in no way different from EFL learners of any level in their proficiency. In view of this situation, the current study was designed to explore the motivation and attitude of the teachers of rural areas towards EMI policy of the Punjab government. A survey from six districts of Punjab (selected on the basis of Human Development Index) was conducted using triangulation as a data collection technique. Following convenience sampling 100 questionnaires were distributed among the teachers from each of the selected districts making it thus a total of 600 questionnaires overall. Interviews of 25 pricipals/incharges of the schools were conducted with at least three from each of the six districts. A hybridization of socio-educational model of R. C. Gardner and WTC (Willingness to Communicate) model by MacIntyre was used for theoretical grounding and for the purpose of instrumentation. Percentages and chi-square were used to find variation on the basis of gender, age and qualification. Correlation and regression analyses were used to discover the nature of relationship among the selected variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to confirm the path from motivation to WTC as hypothesized (but found not confirmed) by Yashima (2002). The path from motivation towards WTC was confirmed through SEM. Qualification was found to be the most important predictor of motivation. The teachers were discovered not to be motivated by any means at present. However, a predominantly optimistic view was found existent among the participants about the future of EMI. Training was pointed out as one of the most important requirements by the teachers. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that these teachers should be provided intensive language training to develop adequate proficiency.