النزاهة من فن البديع المعنوي بين التعريف والتطبيق

The variety and difference in natural capabilities of a nation can be observed in their conversational skills. If the mental level of an individual has properly grown up, his power of expression, vocabulary and style of reasoning will be defiantly of high standard as compared to a common man. Similarly, when these skills get a literary shape it become more standardized. “Al Nazaha” is the art of the speech having similarity with satire (هجو )to a level but is different in many aspects with respect to its application, such as purification of plebian words )كالم سوقيانه, )reformative critical outlook and broad thinking etc. This article deals with the art of speech )النزاهة )its introduction and utilization in the Arabic and Islamic sources

Synthesis of Hydrazide and Sulfonamide Derived Schiff Bases and Their Antioxidant and Bioactivities

This research work consists of the synthesis of Schiff bases and sulphonamides derivatives of nicotinic and isonicotinic acid hydrazide by adopting different synthetic chemical transformations and tested of their antioxidant and bioactivities. All compounds were entirely characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques like EI-MS and 1H-NMR. Four chapters have been included in this critique based on the broad literature and it is regarding the three series of the synthetic compounds. Everyone has its own references, compounds tables, figures, schemes and numbering. Chapter-1 It is consisting of broad literature review related to the common introduction of Schiff bases and nicotinic acid and its reaction, various synthetic protocols and biological background. It has been also studied the several biological activities which are done on compounds. This chapter describes the synthesis of Schiff bases of nicotinic acid hydrazides 131-163 and studies of their antioxidant, antileishmanial, urease, α-glucosidase, anti glycations, α-chymotrypsin, acetylcholinetorase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase, anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Chapter-2 Describes the synthesis of Schiff base derivatives of isonicotinic acid hydrazides 40-69 and studies of their antioxidant, antileishmanial, antiglycation, urease, α-glucosidase, α-chymotrypsin, tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase, anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Chapter-3 Describes the syntheses of sulfonamide derivatives of nicotinic and isonicotinic acid hydrazides 77-99 and their urease inhibitory activity, antioxidant, antiglycation, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. In chapter-4, we describe bioassay protocol used for the all compounds.