مارماڈیوک پکھتال
مارماڈیوک پکھتال انگریزی کے بلند پایہ انشاء پرداز انگریز تھے، مدت تک مصر اور ترکی میں رہے تھے اور وہیں اسلام کے تاثرات نے ان کے دل میں گھر کیا تھا اور اسلام کے سچے پیرو ہوگئے تھے، ۱۹۲۰ء میں لندن میں ان سے جمعہ کی نماز میں اسلامی جماعت خانہ میں ملاقات ہوا کرتی تھی، وہ بالکل مسلمانوں کی طرح نماز پڑھا کرتے تھے، جماعت خانہ میں ان کی ترکی ٹوپی نماز کے لئے رکھی رہتی تھی، جس کو وہ نماز کے وقت پہن لیتے تھے، لارڈ کرومر کے زمانہ میں مصر میں تھے۔
ترکی اور رواں عربی زبان بولتے تھے اور جانتے تھے، ترکوں کی ہمدردی میں طرابلس کے زمانہ میں کچھ رسائل لکھے تھے، لندن میں ان سے گھنٹوں باتیں ہوا کرتی تھیں، اس کے بعد ہی وہ بمبئی کرانیکل کے ایڈیٹر ہوکر آگئے، چنانچہ وہاں بھی ان سے ملاقات ہوئی، پھر وہ حیدرآباد دکن چادر گھاٹ ہائی اسکول کے ہیڈماسٹر اور وہاں کی سول سروس کے اتالیق ہوگئے تھے، اس زمانہ میں جب حیدرآباد جانا ہوا، محبت سے مجھے اپنے یہاں بلاتے رہے، اسی زمانہ میں قرآن پاک کا ترجمہ شروع کیا، غالباً ۱۹۲۷ء میں مدراس میں جب ان سے ملاقات ہوئی تو اپنے انگریزی ترجمہ کا ذکر کیا، اور سورۂ مریم کا ترجمہ دیکھنے کو دیا، وہ کہتے تھے کہ مولوی محمد علی لاہوری کے غلط سلط ترجمہ کو انگریزوں کے ہاتھوں میں دے کر شرماتا ہوں اور جی چاہتا ہے کہ اس کا ایک آتشیں ترجمہ کروں جو دلوں کو گرما دے، چنانچہ حیدرآباد کی مالی امداد سے مصر جاکر اس ترجمہ کو پورا کیا اور چھپا اور یہ ان کا بڑا کارنامہ ہے، یہ وہ نومسلم انگریز تھے جو ایمان کے ساتھ عملاً نماز و روزہ کے پابند تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان پر رحم و کرم فرمائے۔
Some things we can not drive and achieve ethics from wisdom and philosophical thought. Just as Jinnah (Jinn). Literary word Jinnah (jinn ) is derive from the Arabic alphabet means to hide or cancel. Thus as their description suggests that they are invisible physically. Different views has been recorded and reported that these are not a created being, just a doubt or (whim) but others believe them a creature not a result of any hidden feeling sense of thought but here sacred jurisprudence (shari’ah) states that they are created one like humans having proper way of youth and puberty, having domestic life and science suffered towards death lastly human eye can not see us bound to fulfill the requirement of shari’ah and observed to keep in different sects and tribes persuasion like us. Human and jinnat as power and authority. Quran proves courtery which we can not ignore. “ I did not create the jinns and human except to worship me”(51/56). Islamic jurisprudence is the best source to prove to existence of jinns with beliefs and thick proof as Rab e kareem say, s “ Indeed we created man from dried clay of black smooth mud and we created the jinn before that from the smokeless flame of fire”.(15: 26/27)
The purpose of the study was to explore the current practices of School Development Plan (SDP) in a private co-education English medium secondary school in Karachi, because I belong to a private school system myself, and this study will help me to see the common practices and enable me to apply the learning of this study in my own context. To achieve its purpose, the study investigated perceptions of different stakeholders, the process of planning, its implementations, challenges and the facilitating factors of planning and implementation. A qualitative research method was used for the in-depth study. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, informal talks and observations of classroom, meetings, staff-room, observations and informal gatherings and events that took place during the research period. The study found out that different stakeholders have different perceptions of planning. These perceptions depend on their position in hierarchy. People at higher level have a broader view of planning, whereas at a lower level, it becomes narrower. Also, the school is practicing three types of planning: verbal, single and retroactive planning. Retroactive planning is done at the top administration level and single planning is done at the principal's level; however, the teachers' and the coordinators' involvement in planning is seen in the planning of their assigned tasks. The process of planning is non-participatory. It is prepared by minimal involvement of other stakeholders. No explicit vision was seen but the implicit vision, which focuses on spiritual development of students. Two leadership styles were observed in the planning process the single plan at the principal level autocratic, because the plan is made by the principal and distributive' because the teachers and coordinators are involved in planning at the classroom level. Further, the lack of personal expertise for planning and implementation, lack of resources, hierarchal structure of school and workload are seen as hindrance for planning in school. School development planning plays an important role in the school improvement. SDP is a blueprint which is used as a roadmap for planning in the schools to organize and control the activities and resources and to ensure the effectiveness of its function.