مرزا داغ کے نعتیہ اسلوب کے اقبال پر اثرات Impacts Of Mirza Dagh’s Nautiya Style On Iqbal’s Poetry

The linguist poet of the ambassador of Dehli literary society, Nwab Mirza Khan Dagh does not need any preamble. Iqbal accepted some artistic impacts of Mirza Dagh.He is a romantic poet but he was also effected by revolution of 1857.He narrated the cultural defeat in his poetry. We also can find the cultural defeat in Iqbal’s poetry as well. Iqbal paid tribute to Mirza Dagh at his death with deep grief and in an impressive way. As an artist, the use of developed language precision continuity and idiomatic phrases is Dagh’s distinctive style, the same style of Mirza Dagh is also available in his Nautiya poetry. Although it is not recognition of Dagh but his style is striking researchable. We can also come across the technical effects of his Nautiya style in Iqbal’s poetry. Iqbal has also saluted to his artistic climax. In this article the effort has been accomplished to explain Mirza Dagh’s impacts on Iqbal Keywords: Allama Iqbal, Mirza Dagh, Na‘at, poetry Praise of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

New Control Methods for a Class of Nonlinear Systems With Constrained Input

Conventional nonlinear feedback control tools include linearization, gain scheduling, integral control, feedback linearization, sliding mode control, Lyapunov redesign, back stepping, passivity based control etc. Each of these techniques is designed to deal with a specific nature of problem. None of these methods are universal in the sense that it can be applied to all classes of nonlinear control problems. The realm of nonlinear control systems encounters theoretical and practical problems that do not fit into existing frameworks. This demands development of novel and innovative methods that go beyond conventional philosophy of control systems. This thesis also deals with such class of problems that is difficult to deal due to usual nonlinear control techniques. The core issue is hard constraints on the input of the system, that restrict the freedom of a control designer to incorporate control methods based on continuous stabilization, cancellation, compensation and/or adjustment of control parameters. The thesis starts with a discussion on sampled data tracking problem for a class of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. The nature of system is generic enough to handle many theoretical and practical problems. However, the thesis broadly focuses on a challenging example of the two-axis orientation control of a gyroscopic system with constrained input. During a single sample period, only a fixed amplitude pulse of variable position and width can be applied as a single control input. The example also falls in the category of under actuated systems due to single control of two axes. Alternately, pulse width and position can be construed as two inputs of the system. The output is also assumed to be available at only the sampling instants. All these restrictions result in a complex problem whose exact solution is not possible and thus we have to resort to approximate methods. The thesis begins with exploration of classical techniques. Firstly, a more conventional pulse width modulation approach based on principle of equivalent areas is proposed. This is followed by an error minimized control technique which is based on optimal control. The solution minimizes a cost function so as to obtain optimal values of pulse width and position. The problems of local minima and non-causality have to be addressed in order to solve the problem. The main contribution of the thesis is a particle controller for the class of systems under discussion. The classical theory of particle filters is adapted in order to solve the global optimization problem. A deterministic problem is solved using stochastic tools. The idea is to associate the cost function to be minimized with a probability density function (pdf). Input samples are drawn according to this pdf which are subsequently assigned weights using simulations of the system. The process includes steps like generation, refinement, regeneration, resampling etc. some of which are familiar in the realm of particle filters. This unconventional control philosophy has the potential to address a variety of control problems that are difficult to handle using available tools. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations have been performed for each of the above techniques. Where applicable, performance comparisons have also been made. The suggested techniques are computationally heavy and require fast processing. However, they suit parallel computing and can thus be embedded using FPGAs or ASICs.