مذاہب التفسیر الاسلامی کی روشنی میں مستشرق گولڈ زیہرکےاعتراضات کا علمی جائزہ A Critical analysis of Goldzehr's objections in the light Maẓahib al-Tafsīr al-Islāmī.

Goldziher 1850-1921 is a Jewish Orientalist. His interest in the study of Islam took him to the famous Syrian scholar Sheikh Tahir Al-Jazāirī and after spending a long time in his company he moved to Palestine and then to Egypt. Where he benefited from the scholars of Aẓhar University. Among the Orientalists who have formally and fundamentally debated the Qur'anic text and recitations is Gold Poison. He is known for his objections to Hadith and Qur'anic recitations. Dr. Abdul Haleem Al-Najjar, a lecturer at Cairo University, has translated the famous book Muslim Studies of Goldziher into Arabic concerning the different methods and methods of recitation, tafsir, and tafsir of the Holy Quran. This translation was first published by Maktab al-Khanji in Cairo, Egypt in 1955 and reached the hands of the masters of science and literature and became popular. This book is a unique and brand new work of its kind in presenting various topics of the Quran and important aspects of Islamic culture and history in an excellent manner and style. Goldziher proved his meticulous study of the religions of Tafsir al-Islami and his in-depth study of Islam. But there is a difference between a Muslim and a non-Muslim studying Islam, this difference is visible in this book. Goldziher did not describe all the methods of commentary in this book. In addition, the author, like other Orientalists, has erred in interpreting some religious sentiments. Some Muslim scholars call such objections to Goldziher scientific errors. And some see it as part of a deliberate Zionist Orientalist conspiracy. However, the aspects of Tafseer which Goldziher has written about are very important, and much more needs to be written about them. Goldziher's investigation into the Qur'anic text has opened up new avenues for other Orientalists.The said article will present an analytical study of the Qur'anic text, Goldziher's objections to various recitations, and the contents of the book.

Teachers Perceptions of Quality and Quality Management Systems at Higher Education Level in Pakistan.

The basic purpose of conducting this study was to explore teachers‟ “perception” of quality and quality management systems at higher education level in Pakistan, by giving a deep focus upon a case of a public sector university of Pakistan „The Karakoram International University Gilgit-Baltistan‟. The basic objectives of the study were to investigate teachers‟ perceived understanding of academic quality a concept, theory and practice in their existing teaching practice at university level and to know, how their perception of quality are being articulated in the university practices by managing quality management systems and formulating the appropriate measures to improve the academic quality in the university. And further to designing a proposed roadmap of quality management system for the university of focus in particular and to all public university of Pakistan in general. The research conducted by using Qualitative Research Method and case study approach of qualitative research design. The purposive sampling techniques were used to identify a sample, and a representative sample was identified relating to the purpose and criteria for the sample of this study from the overall population of the case. Semi-structured interview guide and focused group discussion tools were used mainly to collect the data from the sample of the study. Researchers‟ field notes of observation and written reflections about the everyday experience of field visits were also used as data. The data was transcribed and categorized by creating relevant codes from the repeated expressions of the data. The selected codes were merged into relevant themes to formulate main findings of the study that addressed the objectives. Each theme was then analyzed separately and got the meaning from their expressions and elaborated their perceptions into a discussion and extracted the finding of this study. The study identifies a clear lack of quality meaning and understanding of the concept among the staff. Even though a quality enhancement cell was functioning as matter of obligation from the HEC, but majority of teachers are not even aware of its‟ basic function and significance. The study finds out a huge confusion of quality management with other aspects of teachers‟ professional competencies i.e. Knowing of content information and delivering it to students in the classroom. Majority of the participants of this research were not aware about the basic purpose and the concept of „academic quality management systems‟ in a university to make sure the quality of university teachers‟ performance, as accordance with the certain acceptable standards. Based on the literature review and findings of this study a structure of quality management system is proposed to improve the quality management functions at the public universities in Pakistan.