Assessment of Interfaith Harmony Between Muslims and Hindus in Socio-Cultural Activities in Swat

This research work investigated the interfaith harmony and social cohesion between two different religious followers of Hinduism and Islam in District Swat of Pakistan. The current world is facing various kinds of issues and challenges regarding interfaith harmony, peace and social cohesion. This is need of the time to establish a peaceful and harmonised day to day life standard for all the segments of society. This research was an effort to analyse the willingness among the Hindus and Muslims for enhancing their tolerance towards each other’s social and cultural activities. It also aimed to highlight the positive approach of the respondents towards the participation in the socio-cultural activities of each other. The results of association of social cohesion showed nonsignificant relationship with an opinion that Hindu and Muslim communities should take part in socio-cultural activities particularly the sports. Similarly, non-significant relationship was found based respondents’ data with an opinion that relations between Hindus and Muslims shall enhanced through participation in cultural and religious ceremonies. The result further concluded that there was peaceful and harmonised environment between Hindus and Muslims being living in the target area. The minorities were fully enjoying freedom and equality in District Swat. Based on the findings of the study, positive social interaction, mutual respect, positivity in thinking and positive role of local media have been recommended as policy guidelines for promoting inter-faith harmony.

Robust Control System Design for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

Robust Control System Design for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems The work presented in this thesis is an endeavor to combine two nonlinear control frameworks in order to utilize the beneficial attributes of adaptive backstepping and sliding mode control or integral sliding mode control techniques. The adaptive backstepping method is capable of eliminating external disturbances and dynamically estimating the unknown parameters. This technique solves the problem of relative degree which is the main drawback of conventional sliding mode control method. It is also globally effective for the stability of the nonlinear control systems. The sliding mode control is another widely used method due to its robustness against matching uncertainties. The robustness of nonlinear system can be enhanced by adding an integral term with the sliding manifold of sliding mode control method. This attribute is achieved by eliminating the reaching phase of sliding mode control which makes it immune against fast parametric variations that occurs during reaching phase. On the basis of this synergy, new strategies have been proposed which are named as Adaptive Backstepping Higher Order Integral Sliding Mode Control (ABHOISMC), and Adaptive Backstepping Integral Sliding Mode Control (ABISMC), and based on our simulation studies, they are found to be more robust against both matching and mismatching uncertainties. During the implementation of newly proposed techniques, it is not necessary to transform the system into triangular form which is generally needed in the conventional backstepping procedure. The first proposed scheme, the ABISMC, is applied to control the parameters of continuous stirred tank regulator plant with its model expressed mathematically in a non-triangular form. The simulation results establish the efficacy of the proposed scheme. As a second example, the ABISMC is also applied for the tracking of the desired output in a field-controlled direct-current motor. The simulation results are found to be very convincing. Finally, the second proposal, the ABHOISMC, is applied on a theoretical plant expressed in a semi-strict feedback form; the resulting simulation findings substantiate our claims.