پروفیسر خواجہ احمد فاروقی
جنوری کا معارف مرتب ہوچکا تھا کہ یہ اندوہ ناک خبر ملی کہ اردو کے مشہور محقق و نقاد صف اول کے ادیب اور صاحب طرز انشاء پرداز پروفیسر خواجہ احمد فاروقی ۳۱؍ دسمبر کو رحلت فرماگئے۔ اِنا ﷲ وَاِنا اِلیہ رَاجِعونْ۔
خواجہ صاحب کا خاندان علم و فضل اور سلوک و تصوف میں ممتاز تھا، انھیں انگریزی تعلیم دلائی گئی مگر اس کے باوجود بھی وہ شرافت، وضع داری اور اپنی دیرینہ خاندانی روایات کے حامل تھے۔
۱۹۱۷ء میں وہ بچھراؤں ضلع مراد آباد میں پیدا ہوئے، ۱۹۲۷ء میں گورنمنٹ ہائی اسکول ہردوئی کی پانچویں جماعت میں داخلہ لیا، یہاں ان کے والد سررشتہ دار تھے، ۱۹۳۲ء میں اعلیٰ تعلیم کے لیے میرٹھ کالج میں داخل ہوئے، تعلیم مکمل کرنے کے بعد معلمی کے پیشہ سے وابستہ ہوئے جس کا آغاز مسلم یونیورسٹی اسکول میں کیمسٹری کے استاد کی حیثیت سے کیا، پھر بعض کالجوں سے وابستہ رہنے کے بعد ۱۹۴۶ء میں دہلی کے اینگلو عربک کالج میں اردو کے لکچرر ہوئے، جس کے بعد دہلی ہی میں بودوباش اختیار کرلی، خود رقمطراز ہیں:
’’اس وقت سے کہ چالیس سال ہوگئے ہیں، دلی کاروڑا ہوں اور یہ دلی کی گلیاں کسی طرح نہیں چھٹتیں‘‘۔
حزیں از پائے رہ پیما بسے سرگشتگی دیدم
سرشوریدہ بربالین آسایش رسید ایں جا
۱۹۴۸ء میں دلی میں چاروں طرف آتش زنی، غارتگری اور قتل عام مچا ہوا تھا اور موج خوں سروں سے گزر رہی تھی، مگر خواجہ صاحب اس قلزم خون کے شناور بنے رہے۔
وہ بچپن ہی میں مطالعہ اور کتب بینی کے عادی ہوگئے تھے اور تقریر و تحریر کی مشق بھی شروع کردی تھی، ہردوئی ہائی اسکول میں جب زیر تعلیم تھے تو غنچہ (بجنور) اور پھول (لاہور) کے لیے مضامین لکھتے رہتے تھے۔ اسی زمانے میں اپنے ایک ہم جماعت کے اشتراک...
This article deals with analytical studies of ‘’Kulliyat-e-Bullehy Shah تایلک ہاش ےھلب’’one of the most important Poetry book of Bullehy Shah Wich has been set up by Dr. Faqir Muhammad by Punjab Literature Academy and Published y from Lahore in 1960. In it, I have presented a short life sketch of Baba Bullehy Shah, who is recognized as the poet of Punjabi and poet of Islam. Baba Bullehy Shah is a world renowned personality. His poetry opens new horizons of knowledge for us. Especially it created ripples in the Arab world. He is included in great Islamic poets. He was conceiver of Sufiism in Punjab and proselytizer of Islam, Qura’n and Hadith are the obvious imprints on his poetry. He had great love for Qura’n. I intended to introduce it to the readers, particularly the Allusions )تاحیملت(used in this work. The real and literal meanings of such Allusions have been elaborated in it. I also have highlighted the Quranic Allusions used by Bullehy Shah in this work. And also analyzing them. In this paper it has been picked this aspect in his poetry that how much his poetry was in flounced by Islamic in junction.
The nano uids have gained tremendous signi cance due to their superior heat transfer properties. These enhanced heat transfer capabilities are promising for applications in thermal management systems and these translate into high energy e ciency, lower op- erating costs and better performance. An important mechanism of peristaltic activity for nano uid in Newtonian and non-Newtonian uids is considered. The heat transfer analysis in the absence of viscous dissipation can a ect the accurate ow simulations and measurements for the peristaltic transport. This necessitates taking the viscous dissipa- tion along with heat transfer analysis. Dissipation in return requires the viscosity to be variable being a strong function of temperature. Keeping this sequence in mind, viscous dissipation and variable properties of the uid in peristaltic transport of nano uids is discussed. Non-Newtonian uids have become a reality because the most physical u- ids are non-Newtonian in nature. These uids have very complex constitutive equations that raise the level of nonlinearity in the governing equation presenting mathematical di culty in addressing the non-linear equations. Therefore, the analysis of Newtonian uid is carried over to the non-Newtonian uid to understand the rheological properties of uid, and its use in industry. Electrically conducting uids have gained a great impor- tance and have been developed into a vast discipline of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). MHD peristaltic ow is studied extensively with the view of its industrial and bio-medical applications, and its ability to suppress the uid velocity to avoid ow separation; how- ever, we feel that the study of magnetohydrodynamic ow of nano uids along with the temperature dependent viscosity is a missing link in the development of peristalsis that we aim to address in the present thesis. The importance of this study lies in its appli- cation in the targeted drug delivery for cancer patients, among others. In addition, we have incorporated the e ects of nonlinear thermal radiation which is generally ignored in literature or if considered; is taken as a linear approximation of radiative heat ux only. The peristaltic transport of nano uids has been the focus of this study. We start with the peristaltic ow of nano uid with temperature dependent viscosity under the e ect of x applied magneticeld. The e ects of induced magneticeld are also investigated which is a hallmark of strong magneticeld. This study in Newtonian uid is then extended to the non-Newtonian uid. The e ects of nonlinear thermal radiation are also explored. Emphasis in these studies is to incorporate the in uence of various parameters of physical importance on the peristaltic ow. Mathematical modeling of the problems is based on realistic assumptions and approximations for peristaltic transport. For nano uids, the formulation is completed in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. So- lutions are obtained by exact analytical and semi-numerical techniques. A comparative study between analytic and numerical solution is made for certainty. The results obtained are compared with existing literature wherever applicable. It is believed that this thesis will provide a profound understanding of peristaltic ows and lay a frame work for future investigations.