ڈاکٹر میرولی الدین
حیدرآباد کی ایک اطلاع سے یہ معلوم کرکے بہت افسوس ہواکہ ڈاکٹر میرولی الدین صاحب کاانتقال ہوگیا۔ مرحوم کی عمر۸۰کے لگ بھگ ہوگی۔ان کا مرتبہ انڈوپاک کے مصنفین میں بہت بلند تھا۔ دراصل ان کا مضمون فلسفہ تھا جس کے پروفیسر اورصدرشعبہ وہ ایک عرصہ تک جامعہ عثمانیہ میں رہے اوروہیں سے سبکدوش ہوئے۔ لیکن تصوف کے ساتھ ان کو بڑاگہرالگاؤ تھا علمی اور نظری اعتبار سے نہایت وسیع المطالعہ ہونے کے ساتھ وہ عملاً بھی ایک بلندپایہ صوفی تھے۔ایک مرتبہ کلکتہ میں ایک ہفتہ تک وہ راقم الحروف کے مہمان رہے تواس مدت میں کوئی ایک دن بھی ایسا نہیں تھا جب کہ وہ تہجد کے لیے بیدار نہ ہوئے ہوں اور نمازکے بعد صلاۃ فجر تک اوراد و وظائف میں مشغول نہ رہے ہوں۔ انھوں نے انگریزی اوراردو تصنیفات وتالیفات کاایک عظیم ذخیرہ چھوڑاہے۔ان میں سے ہرتصنیف ایک سے ایک بڑھ کر ہے۔ندوۃ المصنفین اوراس کے ارکان کے ساتھ ان کو بڑا مخلصانہ اورمشفقانہ تعلق تھا چنانچہ اس ادارے میں ان کی متعدد کتابیں چھپی ہیں اور مقبول عام وخاص ہوئی ہیں۔ادھر کئی سال سے وہ بے حد کمزور اورضعیف ہوکر خانہ نشین ہوگئے تھے مگر تصنیف وتالیف کامشغلہ پھربھی جاری تھا۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے مراتب ومدارج بڑھائے اوران کوجنت الفردوس نصیب ہو۔ [دسمبر۱۹۷۵ء]
The Holy Quran has been compiled in the order of detention; that is, the Holy Prophet himself gave instructions to the Companions about which verse to place and where he completed the Quran in the same order. He included Madani verses in some Macan Surahs, which may be due to the completion of subjects or the merging of similar verses and the continuation of the Quranic verse on which the commentators have different views. Some verses were revealed in Makkah after the Hijrah, but they are present in the Madani Surah according to the present order of detention. Similarly, the verses revealed during the journey, which were revealed in areas far from Madinah, the place of Mina and Arafat, and the journey to Meraj, are the verses of Mecca, even though they were revealed after the migration. The verses that were revealed during the migration were also included in the Macan Surahs and after the migration, you traveled hundreds of miles away from Madinah and the verses that were revealed at these places were Madani or Macan. If they were Madani, then why were they kept in Macan Surahs.
Why was this done and what are the reasons for it?
Is it not such an arrangement to invalidate the inspired Word?
Was it a different order than the inspired one?
Is it not possible to take these verses from the surahs in which these verses were revealed or to place them in other surahs, to spoil the connection of the previous surahs, or to leave their subjects incomplete? The article under discussion will discuss the topics, discussions, introduction of the verses, details, and reasons for placing the verses in their place in the Macan Surahs and the order and contextual context of these verses. An analytical study of the reasons for separation will be presented.
Production of quality cereal food grains in adequate quantity to cope with the demand of growing population (> 3% especially in Asia) and maintaining the soil fertility, productivity and quality have been the query of objective for these studies. It is one of the challenges in the currently ongoing agriculture scenario that sole and excessive use of chemical fertilizers for rapid and massive crop production is reducing soil fertility, productivity and quality. Fertilizers application is causing health and environmental hazards and climate change due to global warming also increased threats to agriculture production. Researchers are trying to find alternate, indigenous, organic and comparable economic sources of nitrogen rather than synthetic chemical sources. A field experiment to evaluate the effect of pigeonpea green manuring on performance and the subsequent nitrogen fertilizer requirement of wheat crop, was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements having four replications. Wheat variety Atta Habib at 120 kg ha-1 was sown in the experimental plots and advance lines of pigeonpea were sown for green manure. Five pigeonpea green manuring levels at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post emergence were planted to main plots, whereas 5 nitrogen levels 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1 were assigned to sub plots. All the data collected for various parameters were analyzed to explain the variations among the applied treatments. The integration of pigeonpea as green manure increased wheat yield and its related components. Green manuring at 90 and 120 days post emergence showed increase in emergence m-2, number of leaves tiller-1, leaf area tiller-1, leaf area index, productive tillers m-2, days to anthesis, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains spike-1, thousand grains weight, biological yield, grain yield, soil organic matter, concentration of soil nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. On the other side non-productive tillers m-2, soil pH and soil bulk density showed decreasing trend with green manuring. Less days to tillering (55.1 and 55.5), non-productive tillers (15.8 and .15.7), soil .pH (7.62), soil bulk density (1.42 gcm-3) as compare to no green manuring. Harvest index and soil electrical conductivity were not affected by green manuring. Nitrogen application at 90 and 120 kg.ha.-1 increased number of leaves tiller-1 (5.9 and 6.0), leaf area tiller-1 (123.8 and 128.2 cm2), leaf area index (3.2 and 3.3), days to anthesis (119), days to maturity (159 and 160), productive tillers m-2 (233.1 and 236.3), plant height (102.3 and 102.5 cm), number of grains spike-1 (53.8 and 54.8), thousand grains weight (41.8 and 43.8 g), biological yield (10248 and 10674 kgha-1), grain yield (3601 and 3766 kgha-1) and concentration of total soil nitrogen in soil (0.084 and 0.086 %) compared to lower rates. While decrease in days to tillering (57) and number of unproductive tillers m-2 (16.7 and 15.2) were measured with application of nitrogen at high rates, increase in days to tillering and number of unproductive tillers m-2 were found with less or no application of nitrogen fertilizer. Emergence m.-2, harvest index, soil electrical conductivity, soil .pH, soil organic .matter, soil phosphorus, soil potassium and soil bulk density showed no significant effect with nitrogen fertilizer application. Year as source of variation showed considerable increase for leaf area tiller-1 (121.7 cm2), leaf area index (3.2), productive tillers m-2 (225.0), thousand grains weight (38.8 .g), plant height (99.9 cm), biological yield (9135 kg.ha.-1), organic matter (0.95 %), phosphorus (3.41 mg kg-1) and potassium (121.20mg kg-1) and unproductive tillers (17.6), soil .pH (7.72) and soil bulk density (1.45 gcm-3) during the second year. In case of interactive effect of green manuring and nitrogen fertilizer application, with 90 days post emergence pigeonpea green manuring along with 90 kg nitrogen ha-1 improved wheat vegetative growth and economic yield, soil quality and maximum economic benefit. Conclusively, the incorporation of green manures 90 days post emergence integrated with 90 kgNha-1 produced net income of Rs.1,88729/-ha.-1 as the best combination for grain yield of wheat. It is concluded from the current observations that 90 days post emerged green manures combined with 90 kg N ha-1 are the best for sustainable wheat production and which could be an environment friendly approach as well as economical for the farmers.