سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن
بڑے ہی افسوس کی بات ہے کہ مشہور عالم،تحقیقی،علمی اور ادبی مرکز دار المصنفین اعظم گڑھ کے ناظم اور اردو زبان کے ممتاز علمی،ادبی اور تحقیقی رسالے ’معارف‘ کے مدیر سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن کااچانک ایک سڑک حادثے میں انتقال ہوگیا۔انا ﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔وہ اپنے ایک عزیزاورمشہور مصنف سید شہاب الدین دسنوی کے ساتھ ایک رکشہ پرندوہ سے فرنگی محل جارہے تھے کہ ایک گائے ان کے رکشہ سے ٹکراگئی اورگائے کی یہ ٹکر موت کی ٹکر ثابت ہوئی کیونکہ سید صباح الدین اس کی ٹکر کے جھٹکے سے سڑک پرگرے توپیچھے سے آنے والے ٹرک نے ان کے سرکوکچل دیا اوروہ آناًفاناً اس دنیا کوچھوڑ کر دوسری دنیا کے سفر پر روانہ ہوگئے۔یہ حادثہ ڈالی گنج کے لوہے کے پل کے قریب پیش آیا ان کے ہمراہی سید شہاب الدین دسنوی پوری طرح محفوظ رہے اورانھیں کوئی گزند نہیں پہنچا، اس سے ثابت ہوتاہے کہ موت دراصل ان ہی کے لیے رکشہ تک آئی تھی اورایک جھپٹے میں ان کی روح قبض کرکے اس نے مشیت کے حکم کی تعمیل کردی۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب کرے۔
سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن شبلی اسکول کے آخری تابندہ ستارے تھے اور اس سلسلے کی آخری کڑی تھے، جس نے مولانا شبلی نعمانی اوران کے تربیت یافتہ مصنفین نے اردو ادب کے علمی،ادبی اورتحقیقی میدانوں میں ایسے کارنامے انجام دیے کہ اردو جیسی شعر و شاعری کی زبان اورزبانوں کی برادری میں سب سے کم عمر اور نئی زبان دنیا کی ترقی یافتہ اورعلمی زبانوں کی آنکھ میں آنکھ ڈال کر بات کرنے کے قابل بن گئی۔سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن کواگرچہ شبلی کے دامن سے براہ راست وابستگی کاموقع نہیں ملا لیکن وہ دارالمصنفین اورماہنامہ معارف کے اس سنہری دور میں دارالمصنفین سے وابستہ ہوئے جو سید سلیمان ندوی کے علمی، تاریخی اور تحقیقی...
Acquisition of peace, eradication of crimes and cleaning a society of all immoral activities is the basic and equal need of all human beings without any differentiation of any worldly and divine religions, on the basis of this need, Imam Ghazali declared “peace” is the purpose of Islamic jurisprudence. Islamic jurisprudence expects protection of faith, life, reason, race and property from humans for the humans. Protection and prevalence of theses five purposes is called peace in Islamic jurisprudence. In the religion of our world, there are two ways of acquisition of peace, eradication of crimes and protection of property, First awareness and fright of divine punishments on committing a sin or sins, Secondly, to punish the wrong doer on the basis of the nature of his/her crime in the circle of pure justice. These worldly punishments have remained different in different ages and religions while in our modern world and revolted era, punishments of Islamic Jurisprudence are considered stick and against the humans rights, especially punishments relating to adultery and fornication. It is therefore, considered imperative to compare these punishment relating to adultery and fornication, we have in our Islamic jurisprudence to those of other religion in order to unearth the relating of considering Islamic punishments strict and against the human rights.
This research examines the impact of ethical leadership on employee voice behavior and innovative work behavior considering psychological empowerment and leader-member exchange as mediators. Furthermore, job performance has been suggested as a moderator of ethical leadership and voice behavior relationship, whereas, locus of control has been proposed as moderator of ethical leadership and innovative work behavior relationship. Based on literature reviewed and gaps identified this study proposed a comprehensive research framework suggesting ten hypotheses. Ten government research organizations were selected and 800 questionnaires were distributed to the targeted sample for collecting primary data for the study. Overall 546 filled questionnaires were received from which 508 were usable. Step-by-step procedures were followed to check for the validity and reliability of predeveloped scales used in this research. Validity as well as internal consistency of scales was determined via calculating item total correlations and total scale correlations using SPSS. Moreover, to further test the validity and dimensionality of predeveloped scales, respective items of all the scales were factor analyzed via confirmatory factor analysis that was carried out using AMOS. Internal consistency reliability of each scale was assessed via computing Cronbach’s alpha in SPSS. Mean differences for demographic groups of respondents on study variables were examined through applying independent samples t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Bootstrap-based regressions were performed using PROCESS in SPSS to test study hypotheses. To test the mediation and moderation hypotheses, essential conditions outlined by Baron and Kenny were followed. Specifically, to test mediation hypotheses, in addition to traditional 4-step approach of Baron and Kenny, significance of indirect effect was also tested. The results indicated that ethical leadership significantly and positively relates to voice behavior, innovative work behavior, psychological empowerment and leader-member exchange. It was also found that psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and the outcomes (voice behavior and innovative work behavior). Results showed that leader-member exchange only mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and voice behavior. Job performance was found to moderate ethical leadership-voice behavior relationship. However, mediating role of leader-member exchange and moderating role of locus of control in the relationship of ethical leadership and innovative work behavior was not supported. On the basis of results, study contributions, possible implications, limitations and further areas for research were also discussed. Present research has implications for policy makers who wish to identify and promote advantageous leadership practices for encouraging employee voice behavior and innovative work behavior. Moreover, this research supplemented literature for scholars focusing on outcomes of ethical leadership.