دراسة قصيدة ياسالكا لمخدوم محمد هاشم التتوي رحمه الله: دراسة تحليلية وأدبية

The Poem “Ya Salikayah” is a collection of verses. Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi has compiled it and the main thing is that he has compiled these verses by in keeping with the literature and eloquence and rules. Such a compilation is not just a matter of every ordinary person rather, this work can be done by a person who is well aware of the rules of making of poetry and verses. Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi was well aware of these rules but he had mastered it. The thesis writer has described the expression style and thoughts of Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi in his thesis and also tried to prove that Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi had special kind of proficiency in Arabic despite he was Non-Arab which can be seen in his these verses. These verses show the special style of Hazrat Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattavi which thesis writer has proven and also proved that he has compiled this collection of verses in the best style. According to the research of thesis writer this poem is not still in the form of a book but in the form of a pen and paper format. And thesis writer has also tried to prove that the thoughts which are in these verses belong to Hazrat Makhdoom Thattavi himself. He used to shape thoughts into ideas before compiling these verses and then used to put his sincere poetry in it and compile it. It is estimated from these verses that it is affected when the audience hears and reads these verses.

Stablization of Zirconia Using Different Experimental Methods and Their Applications

Zirconia ceramics have received much attention due to its good mechanical strength, good thermal properties, biocompatibility and white color. These properties make zirconia more suitable for orthopedic and maxillofacial implants. Among three phases of zirconia (monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic), tetragonal zirconia is more suitable for implants and coatings, but tetragonal zirconia is stable at higher temperatures and transforms to monoclinic phase upon cooling. This research includes preparation and characterizations of zirconia coatings and nanostructures. Different routes of sol-gel preparation were used. Detailed study was carried out to optimize gelation agent, pH and molarity of the sol. Samples were prepared at different molarities (0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10 and 0.125M) in acidic (pH 2) and basic mediums (pH 9) using three different gelation agents (NaOH, NH3 and NH4OH). Un-doped and doped zirconia nanostructures and coatings were studied in this research work with water as solvent. Molarity of the sol had a significant effect on the volume fraction of tetragonal zirconia content with a relatively small crystallite size <30nm. pH of the sol also played an important role for tetragonal zirconia formation; pH of zirconia sol was varied from 1 to 11. Optimization of stabilized tetragonal zirconia under as-synthesized conditions was obtained for samples prepared at molarity 0.1M in basic medium (pH 9) using NH3 as gelation agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results were consistent with XRD data that confirmed the formation of phase pure tetragonal zirconia under as-synthesized conditions. SEM micrographs revealed the formation of well-separated and well-defined nanoparticles of size range 30-50 nm that is compatible for implants. Along with thermal stability problem another drawback of zirconia is lack of bonding with body fluid. In order to increase its bonding strength some organic additives (Glucose and Fructose) have been added in zirconia. Nanowires of zirconia with diameter of 8nm were observed in case of organic additive zirconia with hardness ~1500HV. Effect of biocompatible dopant Fe3O4 in zirconia sol for stabilization of tetragonal content has also been studied to increase its application area. Fe3O4 was used as a dopant with acidic (pH 4) and basic (pH 10) nature with 2-10wt%. Pure tetragonal zirconia content has been observed under XRD study at 8-10wt% of basic (pH 10) nature. It is worth mentioning that biocompatible Fe3O4 has been used for the first time for stabilization of tetragonal zirconia. This optimized zirconia was coated on teeth that were soaked in several foods and beverages. Results reveal that after coatings teeth show no loss to enamel and weight even in strong acidic and basic mediums.