قاضی اطہر مبارک پوری
ماہِ صفر المظفر ۱۴۱۷ھ کے اواخر میں ہندوستان وبیرون ہندوستان کی اہم علمی ومذہبی شخصیت قاضی اطہر مبارک پوری کی وفات سے دل ودماغ ہل کر رہ گیا۔ قاضی صاحب مرحوم کی شخصیت کاتصوراتی خاکہ ہروقت نظروں کے سامنے گھوم پھر رہاہے وہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی میں تشریف لاتے اوراپنی خداداد قابلیت وافکار سے دفتر میں موجود ہرشخص کومتاثر کردیتے۔
قاضی اطہرمبارک پوری کاقبلہ ابّاجان مفکّر ملّت حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمان عثمانی ؒ سے دارالعلوم دیوبند کے زمانہ طالب علمی ہی سے خصوصی تعلق ولگاؤ رہا ہے۔ حضرت مفتی صاحبؒ نے ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی میں ان کو بلاکر ان سے کئی علمی وادبی کتابیں تصنیف کرائیں۔قاضی اطہرمبارک پوری کی تاریخ خلافت عبّاسیہ، تاریخ خلافت راشدہ، تاریخ بنوامّیہ، دیار یورپ جیسی اہم کتابیں ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی ہی سے شائع ہوئیں اورعلمی حلقے میں قبولیت کاباعث بنی۔
ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی سے وابستگی سے قاضی اطہر مبارک پوری کی شخصیت علمی وادبی حلقوں خصوصاً عالم اسلام میں خوب خوب متعارف ہوئی۔احقر نے رسالہ ’’برہان‘‘ دہلی کے صفحہ اوّل پرقاضی اطہرمبارک پوری کانام نمایاں طور پر شائع کرانے کا اہتمام رکھا جس سے میرا قاضی صاحب سے لگاؤ وانسیت کاپتہ چلتاہے۔
قاضی صاحب کی علمی خدمات کے لیے صدر جمہوریہ ہند نے عربی اسکالرشپ کااعزاز خصوصی بھی دیا۔ بہت ساری خوبیوں، صلاحیتوں، قابلیت کے باوجود قاضی صاحب انکساری کے پیکر مجسم تھے۔مفتی صاحبؒ کے انتقال کے بعد دفتر ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی سے برابر رابطہ وتعلق قائم رکھا اورراقم عمید الرحمان عثمانی کی موقع بہ موقع تعریف وستائش کرتے رہے۔ جس سے احقر راقم عمیدالرحمان عثمانی کے لگن وجذبہ اورحوصلہ میں اضافہ ہی ہوا۔
بہرکیف قاضی اطہر مبارک پوری بڑی نیک وبرگزیدہ شخصیت تھے۔ان کی وفات سے تاریخ کاایک زریّن علمی باب بند ہوگیا ہے۔ اﷲ رب العزت کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب فرمائے۔آمین!
ادارہ ندوۃ...
Islam considers freedom of expression, speech and thought as an imperative human right and liberty. Primary Islamic sources, as the Holy Quran, Hadith and Seerah of the beloved Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and Islamic jurisprudence discuss its principles parameters and boundaries comprehensively. There are many verses of the Quran, ?h?d?th of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and many terms of Islamic Fiqh, which guide us to describe the freedom of expression, its meanings, significance, principles and limits. Islamic scholars of different fields define the freedom of expression in different ways. It’s also observed during exploration in Islamic and Western perspectives, there is no specific and agreed upon definition of freedom of expression. Some scholars try to define it according to their own interest and requirement, but they can’t make an agreement on its definition. So, there is found a variety of definitions of freedom of expression in academic discourse. Different Islamic scholars mention different definitions due to its being a modern term. In this study efforts are made to elaborate Islamic concept of freedom of expression, thought and speech in modern context. It’s concluded, the Islamic teachings give all kind of freedom and rights to human being but their limits and boundaries are different from Western thought.
Chapter 1, 'What is Metaphysics' focuses on basic issues related to metaphysics consequently to its scientific, philosophical and religious interpretations in the backdrop of prevalent scientific concepts about universe, aspects related to time and space and issues of mysticism. After elaborating literal and terminological meanings of metaphysics its definitions in various dictionaries, explanations by different scholars and interpretations through encyclopedias and web sites have been carried out for better comprehension. Since individual, God and universe are three basic fundamentals of metaphysics, therefore, metaphysical elements in its different manifestations and forms related to scientific, philosophical and religious mythologies in through Urdu short stories have been explained. Chapter 2, covers metaphysical elements in Urdu short stories of first period from 1901 to 1936. Evolution and interpretations of creation of life and universe (of this period) have been attempted. An endeavor has been made to trace primitive elements of metaphysics in the writers of Urdu short stories like Rashid-ul- Khairi, Sultan Haider Josh and Prem Chand. In progression, elements of metaphysics emanating from the love for nature of the romantic writers and its influence in early Urdu short stories from novels, folk tales, Hindu philosophies 'Avagavan' and 'Mukti' have been considered. Chapter 3, covers 'Metaphysical Elements in Urdu Short Stories in Second Period from 1936 to 1047'. Novel philosophical interpretation of Carl Marx philosophy and precedence of matter over soul has been analysed. In addition, those metaphysical elements which entered into Urdu short stories under the influence of ideas of Freud and Yong have also been included. Chapter 4, pertains to 'Metaphysical Elements in Urdu Short Stories after Creation of Pakistan'. Causes of revival of romanticism in the fifties have been explained. An analytical appraisal of short stories of important writers has been carried out in the preview of effects of knowledge of existence and new mystical approach. Elucidating effects of different metaphysical philosophies on romantic short stories, metaphysical elements in Greek and Hindu mythologies in short stories of A. Hameed have been indicated. Chapter 5, with the title, 'Metaphysical Elements in Urdu Short Stories from Sixties to-date' deals with new scientific revelations and new discoveries about the universe and existence under the influence of modernism. New background of sensibility has been discussed as how socio-political and cultural environments affect new approach regarding life and universe. Understanding of new dimensions of time and space in the context of Hindi mythology, mysticism and Islamic myths has been done. Analysis of short stories of prominent writers of this era has been carried out. Chapter 6, consists of an overall review of various facets of metaphysical elements with evolving trends in romanticism, mysticism, Hindi, Greek and Islamic mythologies and other religious rituals. In the end findings of entire discussion leading to some recommendations have been included to promote metaphysical elements in Urdu short stories.