(Alhidya and Al Dhalala, Rhetorically and Morphologically in the Light of the Holy Quran") The Almight Allah has revealed the Holy Quran for the guidance of humanity to spread the light of Hidaya and to eradicate the darkness of ignorance. It is also a wonderful source of rhetoric and eloquence. I have selected the following title for my PhD dissertation "Alhidya and Al Dhalala, Rhetorically and Morphologically in the Light of the Holy Quran". I have divided my topic into rive chapters and to several sub chapters. First Chapter: Meanings of Al-Hidaya and its synonyms; consists of synonyms, literal and terminological meanings of Al-Hidaya, its kinds and rules, and the characteristics of the guided people in the light of the Holy Quran. Second Chapter: This chapter includes the concept of al-Dhalala, its synonyms, its literal and terminological meanings, types and regulations, and the symptoms of the astrayed in the light of the teachings of the Holy Quran. Third Chapter: It includes thematic analysis of the verses mentioning the concepts of Al-Hadiya and Al-Dhalala. Fourth Chapter: It consists of terminological analysis of the verses regarding Al-Hidayah and Al- Dalala and their derivative mentioned in the Holy Quran. Fifth Chapter: In this chapter, I have discussed the rhetorical analysis of the verses regarding the topic.
ہو گیا گر کام پھر دشوار تو ہم تو جی لیں گے اکیلے ہی مگر ہم تو کر لیں گے سرِ تسلیم خم سب اشارے ہیں ہماری ہی طرف ہار مانیں گے نہ دشمن سے کبھی چھُوٹ کر زنداں سے آ ہی جائیں گے امن کا امکان کیا ہے وارثی آپ ہی ٹھہرے جو ذمہ دار تو تیرا جینا ہو گیا دشوار تو ان کی جانب سے ہوا انکار تو فیصلہ الٹا ہوا سرکار تو دوستوں نے کر دیا گر وار تو لے گئے اپنے ہی سوئے دار تو فیصلے کرنے لگے تلوار تو
This study explores the dynamics of nuclear politics in Indo-Pakistan relations. The events after the nuclearization of South Asia aroused an extensive discussion about the basic reasons of countries becoming nuclear. Deterrence idealists have put forward the Nuclear Peace Theory advocating that nuclear arms make war terribly expensive and evade conflict among atomic opponents and thus generate constancy among them. Deterrence cynics have debated that the new nuclear-powered countries would not be able to accomplish the rudimentary requisites for deterrence stability as they would be disposed to defensive and preventive war tactics, construct susceptible atomic weaponries that would disposed to illicit usage. While discussing both stability and instability of nuclear weapons, the intellectuals disregard the importance of nuclear doctrines of the nuclear states which can cause deterrence disappointment or guaranteeing its strength. The author has used primary and secondary data. The primary sources are news bulletins and websites and secondary sources are books, journals etc.
Objective: To determine the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for childhood asthma in children aged between two and 15years in a tropical urban East-African setting.
Methods: Hospital based case-control study matched for age + two months and sex. Data were obtained from parents of cases and controls using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 226 cases of two to 15years old, with physician-confirmed asthma, who met a set of defined clinical criteria and 226 controls with no previous diagnosis or symptoms of asthma matched by sex and age (+two months). The Risk Factors included in this study are broadly classified under family history of asthma, race, socio-economic factors, pre and perinatal factors, comorbid history of eczema or worm infestation and indoor environmental pollution.
Setting: The outpatient paediatric clinic at Aga Khan Hospital, a secondary care hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania between July 2012 and January 2013.
Results: Of the modifiable risk factors for asthma in this study, maternal smoking during pregnancy yielded an infinite Crude Odds Ratio P = 0.0207. Maternal diet rich in fish and other seafood during pregnancy showed a protective association with asthma (Adjusted Odds Ratio- 0.60; 95% confidence intervals 0.37 – 0.99, P =0.044). A diet rich in milk and dairy products during pregnancy was protective in children older than five years. (Adjusted Odds Ratio - 0.63, 95% confidence intervals 0.38- 1.06, P = 0.024). Family history of asthma is an important non-modifiable asthma risk factor; Paternal Asthma - Adjusted Odds Ratio of 3.14; Confidence Interval 1.49 -6.63, P=0.03), Maternal Asthma - Adjusted Odds Ratio 2.63; 95%Confidence Interval 1.34 – 5.15, P = 0.005and sibling asthma -Adjusted Odds Ratio 2.57; 95%Confidence Interval 1.60 – 4.14, P < 0.0001.
Conclusion: Family history of asthma is strongly associated with asthma. Maternal diet during pregnancy is an important modifiable asthma risk factor in the tropical African setting with fish and sea-foods being protective. Further research in a more powered study is required to determine the role of maternal diet rich in milk and dairy products.