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A Comparative Study of Islamic and Existentialist Paradigms of Education

Thesis Info

Author

Ali Hussain

Department

Department of Education

Program

Mphil

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728683674

Similar


The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of both the Islamic and existentialist paradigms of education and it was also aimed to find out the commonalities and differences between both the paradigms. The nature of this study was narrative and comparative. Data was collected from the primary and secondary sources. The Holy Quran and Sunnah were the basic sources for the Islamic paradigm of education. This study will open a new dimension of research in paradigms of education and will also introduce a comprehensive comparison between the Islamic and Existentialist paradigms of education. It will also provide opportunity to all those who have an interest in understanding both the Islamic and existentialist paradigms of education. It has also potential to guide educational philosophers and curriculum developers to decide whether only the existentialist paradigm of education can fulfil the educational needs of the modern era, or the Islamic paradigm of education has also potential to meet the educational needs of the modern era. This study declared that there were more differences than commonalities between both the paradigms. The Islamic paradigm of education was broader than the existentialist paradigm of education; because existentialism was learner centered paradigm and its focuses were only on the individual. The Islamic paradigm of education placed it focuses on the whole education system rather than any single element. According to existentialist paradigm of education, the whole education should be revolved around the need, interest and ability of the students. But in the Islamic paradigm of education all components are important, especially the role, status and responsibilities of the teacher are very important along with the status, role and responsibilities of the student. The existentialist paradigm of education preferred student centered teaching methods more, but the Islamic paradigm of education suggested to use all effective teaching methods. Basic religious education was compulsory in the Islamic paradigm of education and all other fields of education were elective. The existentialist paradigm of education placed more emphasis on humanities as compared to other subjects. Comparative Analysis of Management Styles Used by Public And Private School Heads at Secondary
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خواجہ محمد علی شاہ رحمانی

خواجہ محمد علی شاہ رحمانی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ جون میں’’برہان‘‘کے خاص مضمون نگار اوررفیق خواجہ محمد علی شاہ صاحب رحمانی کی سہارنپور میں وفات ہوگئی۔مرحوم کی صحت عرصے سے ٹھیک نہیں تھی اس کے باوجود علمی ریسرچ کے کاموں میں لگے رہتے تھے۔ دارالعلوم دیوبند اور مظاہرالعلوم سہارنپور کے ممتازفاضل تھے۔السنۂ مشرقیہ کی بھی بہت سی ڈگریاں ان کے پاس تھیں۔اکابر دیوبند خاص طورپر حضرت الاستاذ علامہ سید محمد انورشاہ صاحب کشمیریؒ اورحضرت مولانا شبیر احمد صاحب عثمانی مرحوم سے والہانہ تعلق رکھتے تھے اوران حضرات کی علمی خصوصیات پران کی گہری نظر تھی۔ پختہ استعداد، واضح العقیدہ مسلمان تھے۔طبیعت میں قناعت اور خودداری کاجوہر نمایاں تھا۔پوری زندگی گوشہ نشینی اور خدمت علم میں بسر کردی۔ جس روزان کی رحلت ہوئی اسی روز کچھ دیر کے بعد ان کے والد ماجد کاسانحہ ارتحال پیش آگیا۔ان کے والد صاحب خانقاہ رحمانی سہارنپور کے سجادہ نشین تھے اور عوام ان سے فیض حاصل کرتے تھے۔رحمھما اﷲ رحمۃ واسعۃ۔
[ستمبر۱۹۶۷ء]

 

ASSESSMENT OF LOWER LIMB MUSCLE STRENGTH IN ATHLETES BY USING HAND-HELD DYNAMOMETER: A RELIABILITY STUDY

Background and Aims: Muscle strength is the key area to measure the functional status of an individual. Different tools and techniques has been used to detect strength differences and deficits. Hand- held dynamometer is one of the most affordable and handy tools used for this purpose. This study was designed to determine intra-rater reliability of hand- held dynamometer to measure muscle strength in different muscle groups of lower extremity of young athletes. It will further explore the reliability of hand- held dynamometer. Methodology: In this cross- sectional study young players of squash and badminton in the age group of 18-26 years were selected. The participants were recruited by non- probability convenience sampling technique. The strength of major muscle groups of lower limb was measured by a single male tester twice with gap through isometric make test of dynamometer. The intra-class correlation coefficient was then calculated for two readings of each muscle group by using SPSS version 21. Results: The intra- class correlation coefficient showed good to excellent reliability. The hip abductors, hip adductors, hip extensors of left side, knee flexors and knee extensors showed excellent reliability. Whereas, hip flexors, ankle plantar- flexors and dorsi-flexors of both sides showed excellent reliability at 95 % confidence interval. Conclusion: The isometric make test of dynamometer is a reliable tool for the objectification of strength of lower limb in   young players participating in squash and badminton.

Drift Effects on Plasma Waves

The full kinetic dispersion relation for the Geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) including diamagnetic effects due to inhomogeneous plasma density and temperature is derived by using the drift kinetic theory. The fluid model including the effects of ion parallel viscosity (pressure anisotropy) is also presented that allows to recover exactly the adiabatic index obtained in kinetic theory. We show that diamagnetic effects lead to the positive up-shift of the GAM frequency and appearance of the second (lower frequency) branch related to the drift frequency. The latter is a result of modification of the degenerate (zero frequency) zonal flow branch which acquires a finite frequency or becomes unstable in regions of high temperature gradients. By using the full electromagnetic drift kinetic equations for electrons and ions, the general dispersion relation for geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) is derived incorporating the electromagnetic effects. It is shown that m=1 harmonic of the GAM mode has a finite electromagnetic component. The electromagnetic corrections appear for finite values of the radial wave numbers and modify the GAM frequency. The effects of plasma pressure βe, the safety factor q and the temperature ratio τ on GAM dispersion are analyzed. Using the quantum hydrodynamical model of plasmas, the stability analysis of self-gravitational electrostatic drift waves for a streaming non-uniform quantum dusty magneto-plasma is presented. For two different frequency domains i.e., Ω0d<<ω<Ω0i (unmagnetized dust) and ω<< Ω0d < Ω0i (magnetized dust), we simplify the general dispersion relation for self-gravitational electrostatic drift waves which incorporates the effects of density inhomogeneity ∇n0α, streaming velocity v0α due to magnetic field inhomogeneity ∇B0, Bohm potential and the Fermi degenerate pressure. For the unmagnetized case, the drift waves may become unstable under appropriate conditions giving rise to Jeans instability. The modified threshold condition is also determined for instability by using the intersection method for solving the cubic equation. We note that the inhomogeneity in magnetic field (equilibrium density) through streaming velocity (diamagnetic drift velocity) suppress the Jeans instability depending upon the characteristic scale length of these inhomogeneities. On the other hand, the dust-lower- hybrid wave and the quantum mechanical effects of electrons tend to reduce the growth rate as expected. A number of special cases are also discussed.