سرمنڈل کاراجہ
سرمنڈل کا راجہ ناطق کی نظموں کا تیسرا مجموعہ ہے۔اس کتاب کو پڑھنے کے بعد قاری کے دل میں جو تاثر رہ جاتا ہے وہ کچھ ایسا ہے کہ جب وہ اپنی ایک نظم کے بعد دوسری نظم لکھتے ہیں تو گویا ایک منزل پالی اور دوسری منزل کی طرف گامزن ہوجاتے ہیں۔ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ وہ کوئی فتح حاصل کرنا چاہتے ہیں ایک ایسا قلعہ ایک ایسا پہاڑ سر کر لینا چاہتے ہیں جس کی بلندی تک پہنچتے پہنچتے خود ناطق راستے میں آنے والی ہر مشکل کو بھی جیسے خوش دلی سے سراہ رہے ہوں۔ سرمنڈل کا راجہ میں وہ دیسی رنگ ڈھنگ کا اظہار کرتے ہوئے نظر آتے ہیں۔نظمیں پڑھتے ہوئے قاری کو پنجاب کی مٹی کی سوندھی سوندھی خوشبو بھی محسوس ہوتی ہے۔یقین سے باہر لگتی ہے یہ بات کہ ایک شاعر نے پنجاب کا ایسا رنگ تخلیق کیا ہے۔اس پر زیف شاہ اظہار خیال کرتے ہوئے لکھتے ہیں :
’’ناطق کی نظم کا بیج مٹی میں ضرور ہوتا ہے لیکن نظم اوپر اور اوپر اٹھتے اٹھتے جاودانی آسمانوں کی وسعتوں سے ہم آہنگ ہوکر آفاقی اسطورہ بن جاتی ہے جسے آپ غیر فانی اساطیر کے پہلو میں دیکھ سکتے ہیں۔‘ ‘(6)
کتاب قاری پر ایک خوشگوار تاثر چھوڑ جاتی ہے۔پنجاب سے محبت اس کی مٹی کی خوشبو کے ساتھ ساتھ قاری خود کو پنجاب میں چلتا پھرتا محسوس کرتا ہے۔وہ کوئی فتح حاصل کرنا چاہتے ہیں۔ اس کتاب کے پڑھنے پر قاری کے دل و دماغ میں یہ بات نقش ہو جاتی ہے۔
ریشم بننا کھیل نہیں
ناطق کی نظموں کے مجموعہ کو سانجھ پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے 2019ء میں ’’ریشم بننا کھیل نہیں‘‘ کے...
Arabic rhetorical sciences are: ‘Ilma al-Maani’ “the study of mening” ‘Ilma al-bayyan’ “the study of elucidation” and ‘Ilam al-Badi’ “the study of wondrous. This article describes two important phenomenon of Ilmi al-Badi known as ‘arravai al-lafzia’ “beauty of words” and ‘arravai al-manaviya’ “beauty of meaning” in Surah al Najam of the Holy Quran. Both these phenomenon are effectives rhetoric devices used in literature to eloquently convey the indent of words and meaning in this chapter. It is important to pondor more carefully about these phenomenon ، in order to uncover even more of the fascinating secret and beauties contained in God’s words and to enable man to imbibe from the limitless oceans of God’s knowledge to the extent of his own capacity.
Hypodermosis, caused by warble fly Przhevalskiana silenus (Order: Diptera, Family: Oestridae), is an endemic parasitic infestation of goats in Pakistan. The larvae of this fly, obligatory parasite of their hosts, are economically very important causing severe losses to leather industry. This infestation is also responsible for growth retardation, carcass depreciation and production losses in milk and meat. Keeping in view the importance of this infestation, studies were designed on serodiagnosis, epidemiology and economic importance of hypodermosis in goats in northern uplands of Balochistan, Pakistan, with the objectives to diagnose warble fly infestation at early stages through serology for better control and eradication strategies, to study different epidemiological factors (age, sex, breed, temperature, humidity and rain fall) contributing goat warble fly infestation, to compare seroprevalence over the prevalence based on clinical examination and to study the economic importance of hypodermosis in the study area. The duration of the study was one year (April 2011 to March 2012) and the most prevalent breed of goat i.e. khurasani breed in uplands of Balochistan was involved in the study which was compared with the non-descriptive breed of goat. In the first experiment, a total of 1440 sera samples were processed by commercial ELISA kit (IDEXX hypodermosis serum antibody test) method. The infestation was detected in May (summer) while the infestation is usually detected in the months of October until February (winter) by clinical palpation method when warbles appear on the backs of the animals. ELISA based seroprevalence showed the highest mean percentage (48.45 % ± 16.14) of goat hypodermosis. In the second experiment on epidemiology, the mean percentage was 15.94 % ± 5.65 by clinical palpation method in the field. In the slaughter house and skin market studies, the mean percentages were 9.07 % ± 3.90 and 7.16 % ± 3.39, respectively, while the mean intensity was 16.19 ± 3.04 holes per skin. Analysis 1of data by Pearson Chi-square test (χ2), revealed highly significant differences (P<0.05) in the overall prevalence of hypodermosis in the fields, slaughter houses and skin markets district-wise. The prevalence was significantly higher in the field animals than the slaughtered animals. Month-wise highest prevalence was noted in January and lowest in October in the field animals. Age-wise prevalence was highest (P<0.05) in the age group of 1-2 years as compared to < 1 year and > 2 years of age groups whereas no significant difference (P<0.05) was observed sex-wise and breed-wise. The life cycle of warble fly in naturally infested goats was studied from April 2011 to March 2012. First instars larvae (L1) were observed in subcutaneous tissues from mid of May to mid of July in slaughter houses of the study areas, second instars larvae (L2) from mid of July to November and third instars larvae (L3) were palpated in the field animals from December until the end of February. The pupal period was observed in early spring in the months from March to mid April while the adult fly activity season (Oviposition period) was observed in early summer from mid April to mid May. In the third experiment, the overall loss due to skin damages by warble fly infestation was calculated as Pak. Rupees 7578625.49 (Pak. Rs. 7.57 million = US$ 77530.69, US$ 1= Rs. 97.75) annually. Based on the early detection studies, it is concluded and recommended that the best time for the treatment of goat warble fly infestation in uplands of Balochistan is in the months of June and July when first larval instars are still in migratory stage and not yet have caused damage to the skin while the farmers usually treat their animals against warble fly in the winter season when they observe the warbles on the back of the animals but at that stage the larvae have damaged the skins of the animals.