کچھ کتاب اور صاحب کتاب کے بارے میں
نذیر متین سے میرا تعلق نصف صدی سے زائد عرصے پر محیط ہے ۔بچپن کے معصوم ایام سے لے کر بڑھاپے کی دہلیز تک بہت سا سفر اکٹھے گزارنے کی وجہ سے ایک دوسرے کی مزاج شناسی بھی درجہ کمال کو پہنچی ہو ئی ہے زمانہ طالب علمی سے آ ج تک زندگی کی بہت سی راہوں پر اکٹھے سفر کیا اس لیے دیگر دوستوں کی رائے ہے کہ نذیر متین کو جتنا میں جا نتا ہوں دوسرا اور کوئی نہیں کسی حد تک یہ بات درست بھی ہے میں ان کے مزاج ،خیالات اور سیاسی و سماجی نظریات کو نہ صرف جا نتا ہوں بلکہ خود بھی حامی و معترف ہوں ۔
ان کے اندر قدر نے کچھ ایسی خوبیاں رکھی ہیں جو آج بہت کم لوگوں میں پائی جاتی ہیں ۔کلمہ حق کہنا رزق حلال پر یقین رکھنا اپنے اور اپنے خدا پر مکمل یقین رکھنا پسے ہوئے اور مجبور لوگوں کی آواز سننا اور ان کی آواز بننا اور خاص طور پر اپنے نظریات پر قائم رہنا ان کی شخصیت کے وہ پہلو ہیں جنھوں نے اس کی ذات کو باوقار بنایا ہوا ہے ۔
زندگی کو بڑے قریب سے دیکھنے والا نذیر متین خوب جانتا ہے کہ خوشی کسے کہتے ہیں اور غم کیا ہو تا ہے گھر کیسے آ باد ہوتے ہیں ،بستیاں کیوں اجڑتی ہیں ؟بھوک کیا ہے ؟زندگی کی راحتیں کیسے ملتی ہیں اور مفلسی چہروں کو کیسے بگاڑتی ہے کسی کے جنازے میں کم سے کم یا زیادہ لوگوں کی شرکت کیا معنی رکھتی ہے ۔مزدوروں ،محنت کشوں ،طالب علموں اور سیاسی کارکنوں کی جدو جہد کن کن مراحل سے گزرتی ہے اور ضروریات زندگی کی افراط اور کمی کے کیا نتائج نکلتے ہیں ۔ان کی چالیس سالہ صحافتی زندگی...
Aim: To evaluate the immediate effects of various activity levels on knee joint position sense.
Methodology: Sixty males aged between 19 and 24 years, without any complains of discomfort or pain in the knee joint were selected from Bakhtawar Amin Hospital, Multan using convenience sampling, between April 2nd, 2019 to July 28th, 2019. Group A participants walked on the treadmill at a speed of 4 km/h for 5 min (n = 20). Group B participants ran on a treadmill at 6.4 km per hour for five minutes (n = 20). Group C participants sprinted on a treadmill at 8.5 km per hour for five minutes (n = 20).
Results: Mean age of the subjects was 21.18±1.77. In the moderate physical activity group, the difference in the means in passive reproduction of the knee flexion angle of 20o observed was 1.40±2.39, (p-value 0.013), and similarly in intense physical activity was 1.75±3.58 (p-value 0.020). For the knee flexion angle of 40o, the difference in the means for moderate was 1.35±1.84 (p=0.002), and for the intense activity was 2.35±2.27 (p=0.012). However, in the group with mild physical activity, the difference in the means was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: The study indicated that physical activities of moderate level and intense level decrease the joint position sense appreciation at the knee joint in less active healthy individuals.
According to the general perception there is a close contact among finance, financial institutions and economic development. An improvement in a country‟s money-related framework would provoke economic development and an increase in its national income. The money related framework is based on Islamic and Conventional banking in Pakistan. Liquidity is an important aspect of Pakistani Islamic banking system. In liquidity management system, deposits and Islamic bankers are involved. This research is aimed at analyzing the behavior of Islamic depositors and the management techniques of Islamic bankers to adjust liquidity issue along with the factors that affect the liquidity of the Islamic banks of Pakistan. The main aims of the research are to analyze the liquidity behavior of depositors of Islamic banks of Pakistan, secondly to examine the Islamic banks‟ liquidity management system (i.e. current practices to manage liquidity) and organizational structure and to identify the factors that influence liquidity of Islamic banks. For the accomplishment of the said aims first of all, a conceptual framework was developed through a literature review. Then this conceptual framework was tested using primary and secondary data along with interviews conducted with depositors of Islamic banks and Islamic bankers of Pakistan. Three types of data were collected for the study: quantitative data from the annual reports of the Islamic banks, quantitative data from close-ended questionnaires from both depositors and Islamic bankers in Pakistan, and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with both depositors and Islamic bankers in Pakistan. after the collection of data different tests were applied to the primary and secondary data to derive the results. These were Descriptive Tests i.e. Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Pool Unit Root Test, Panel Data Analysis (for each of the three models separately), Regression test i.e. Simple and multiple regressions using Fixed effect and Random effect. The findings of the study Page | xix indicate that Islamic banks rely on various formal and informal mechanisms in order to manage their liquidity. Both investment and deposit sides are managed in this regard whereby the deposit side is mostly managed by attracting more depositors. In this regard there was an indication of two types of cohorts of Islamic banks‟ depositors. The first cohort has a religious orientation and is attracted towards Islamic banks because of their Islamic image and the second cohort has profit orientation and is attracted in expectation of higher returns. In order to yield higher profits banks have to invest more in long-term investments based on Mudarabah and Musharakah. Further, in order to maintain liquidity, banks also invest in NOP options. The more the liquidity of the bank, the more it would be able to invest in long-term investments. There are cost implications as well, as profit-oriented customers require higher returns and, thus, the cost of banking operation increases with depositors having high profit orientation. Religious depositors, on the other hand, are easy to attract and retain without any significant operating cost. Such depositors just assess the operations and investments of the banks on Islamic standards and deposit their money in the Islamic banks. In the broader context the main recommendations are, Islamic banks should strengthen their Islamic image and customer service along with profit sharing. Key Words: Islamic Banking, Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Reserves, Shariah Principles, Demand for Liquidity.
