The Investigative System of Islam Investigative System of Islam

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was sent to establish justice. He made use of law and good conduct to achieve this great target. Complete investigation and transport exploration is of universal value that holds fundamental significance in legal system. This research article presents insight, broadness and transparency of investigatory system established by the Prophet (PBUH). It also highlights rules and laws in the light of valid research references. All these features are evident in Prophet’s personality. In this regard, keeping in view the nature of topic, the guidance has been sought from the commands of The Quran, Hadith and different incidents of the life of Muhammad (SAWW). A discussion has been premeditated to explore Prophet’s tactics regarding law of investigation. This research article, having research outlook and logical link, touches upon the rules and principles which the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has given us for the recognition of the real culprit of good judgment, clues and witnesses. Investigative departments are radically important for the protection of Islam, maintenance of peace, internal stability and the protection of life, honor and property of people living in the society. The charter of these agencies is to abolish oppression, establish justice, impose the writ of law, and punish the guilty and to bring lawbreakers within the grip of law. The officer who performs the above duties is known as Naazir e Jaraaim1 in Islamic jurisprudential terminology. Further duties which fall within the remit of this officer are: Investigation of charges, production of the accused before a court of law, getting proven criminals sentenced by the court, executing the sentence handed down, releasing   the accused in case evidence is not sufficient and getting wrongful accusers punished properly.

Attachment, Gender Role Conflict and Intimate Relationship in University Students

The present study investigated the relationship of Attachment, Gender Role Conflict and Intimate Relationship in University Students. Three scales namely Gender Role Conflict Scale, Intimate Relationship Scale and Adult Attachment Scale (Hazen & Shaver, 1986) were used in the study to test the main hypotheses. In the first part of the study two scales Pakistan Gender Role Conflict Scale, and Intimate Relationship Scales were developed. Factor analyses showed two factor solution for both scales. After that piloting was done. The sample of the study for the final analysis was 502 participants with the distribution of 286 (57%) men and 216 (43%) women. The mean age of the sample was (M= 20.14) (SD= 2.00). The findings of the study showed that secure attachment has significant negative correlation with externalized gender role conflict. Whereas, ambivalent and avoidant attachment have significant positive correlation with externalized gender role conflict. Moreover, gender role conflict is significantly positively related intimate relationship conflict. Also secure attachment is strongly positively correlated to intimacy in relationships. Whereas, ambivalent and avoidant attachment has significant negative relationship with intimacy in relation. Moreover, regression analysis showed that mother’s education and externalized conflict are predictors of intimate relationship. However, educational class along with internalized and externalized conflict also appeared to be predictors of intimate relationship. Moreover, attachment appeared to be mediator between gender role conflict and intimate relationship. Whereas, men and women have significant difference in terms of gender role conflict but there is no significant difference in terms of attachment styles and intimate relationships. Initial attachment effect socialization process that results in conflict while developing gender role. It further impact one’s ability to form and maintain intimate relations and these relational issues have vast implication in clinical setup. The results of the study were discussed in the light of cultural context of Pakistan and existing literature.