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Humanism in Pakistani Novel in English form 1985 to the Present

Thesis Info

Author

Ali Ahmad Kharal

Department

Department of English

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Subject

English Language

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728696724

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The study was designed to find out whether or not the Pakistani English novelists have incorporated: Secular, Marxist and Religious categories of Humanism in addition to Human Rights in the themes of their novels, in the context of social political, religious and economic conditions prevailing in Pakistani society. The research questions formulated to achieve these objectives of the study were: what is the extent to which Secular Humanism appears in Pakistani English Novel, have Pakistani English novelists succeeded to incorporate Marxist Humanism in their novels, does Religious Humanism figure in Pakistani English Novel, and are Pakistani English novelists successful in creating the awareness of Human Rights? Population of the study was all the novels written in English by Pakistani English novelists and first time published from 1985 to the present (2005). Sample was taken randomly for the study which comprised 11 novels. The categories of Humanism namely Secular Humanism, Marxist Humanism, Religious Humanism, and Human Rights were defined in the light of available literature about the movement of Humanism, and the operational definitions were developed for the study. The novels, randomly chosen as the sample for the study, were analyzed by using, 'Qualitative Content Analysis Technique'. The contents of each novel were analyzed paragraph wise, on the basis of the operational definitions of the categories along with their themes. The data analysis reveals that Pakistani English novelists are not only well aware of the different aspects and facets of the movement of Humanism but also incorporate these concepts in their stories. Humanism, which is 'Human-being-ism', is that wave of conscience and realization which gives birth to such arts and literature that instil courage and confidence in the human beings to face and defeat not only helplessness but also show them the path of social, political and economic liberties. Pakistani English novelists are well aware of their responsibilities and duties as citizens. They are on the way to perform their role effectively in the establishment of a better human society in Pakistan at the creative level.
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ڈاکٹر مبشر حسن اور عشق بھٹو

 

بھٹو کیسے زندہ ہے اور کیوں زندہ رہے گا

ڈاکٹر مبشر حسن اور عشق بھٹو

                                                                                                                زوار حسین کامریڈ

زیر نظر تصویر دو سال قبل ڈاکٹر مبشر حسن کے گھر پر ان کے انٹر ویو کے بعد سیاسی کارکن و فوٹو جرنلسٹ طاہر محمود مودی نے کھینچی تھی ۔یہ وہی در و دیوار تھے جہاں شہید بھٹو نے قیام کیا تھا ۔وقت ہمیںیہ اعزاز دے رہا تھا کہ ہم قائد عوام کی موجودگی کے لمس سے سرشار ہو سکیں ۔انٹر ویو کے لیے روانہ ہونے سے پہلے شہید بھٹو کی رومانیت مجھے اپنے اندر گہری ہوتی محسوس ہو نے لگی تھی ۔دوران انٹر ویو میرے سوال کے جواب میں جب ڈاکٹر صاحب نے بتایا کہ جس کمرہ میں ہم نشست جمائے ہو ئے ہیں اسی میں شہید بھٹو قیام کرتے تھے ۔حتی کہ ڈاکٹر صاحب کے زیر استعمال آج بھی وہی بیڈ ہے جس پر شہید بھٹو سویا کرتے تھے ۔جیسے جیسے یہ احساسات بڑھتے جاتے تھے کہ ہم اپنے ہیرو کی یادوں سے سجے تاریخی کمرہ میں بیٹھنے کا شرف حاصل کر ر ہے ہیں ۔ویسے ویسے بھٹوصاحب کا سحر ہم پر غالب ہو تا جا رہا تھا ۔ایک گھنٹہ سے زائد جا ری رہنے والی نشست کا ایک ایک لمحہ میرے اندر شہید بھٹو کے رومانس کے دیپکوں کی تعداد میں اضافہ کر کے عشق بھٹو کے خمار کو بلندیوں پر پہنچا رہا تھا ۔ مستی و خمار کی اس کیفیت میں گو ہم واپس آ گئے مگر کئی ہفتوں تک شہید بھٹو کا لمس ہمارے ساتھ موجود رہا ۔دو دن قبل ڈاکٹر صاحب کی رحلت کے بعد متذکرہ لمحات انٹر ویو والے دن کی طرح مجھ پر غالب آنے لگے تو مجھے حیرت ہو رہی تھی کہ دنیا سے رخصت...

عبد الرحمن الكيلاني وكتابه مترادفات القرآن مع الفروق اللغوية

This article deals with “Synonymy” in Arabic. Generally “Synonymy” is a radical source which keeps language more advanced and developed. The “Synonymy” has gained attention of early Arabic linguists’ and scholars while compiling the sacred language data, for instance two major linguists Abū al-Mālik ibn Qutaybah al-Asma’i and Ibn Khalawayh focused on synonymity of words, eventually they considered memorisation of synonym words as a mark of pride. On the other hand, some other linguists like Abu al-‘Abbās Aḥmed ibn Yaḥy al-Thalb and Abū ‘Alī al-Fārisī have denied the existence of synonymity in Arabic language altogethers. After all, the “Synonymity” of words is considered as a linguistic phenomenon in all languages generally and in Arabic language particularly. A renowned great scholar ‘Abdul Raḥmān al-Kilānī paid countless attention to this linguistic phenomenon and wrote the book the of one is which“مترادف القرآن مع الفروق اللغوية”: entitled comprehensive reference books in the field. He studied Quranic synonyms with their meanings systematically. The article addresses the concept of synonymity with a brief historiography as well as what ‘Abdul Raḥmān al-Kilānī's book brought us in this field.

Leadership Development in the Context of Sindh Pakistan at Secondary School Level: An Exploratory Study

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