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Linguistics Principles for the Selection of English Text at Secondary Level

Thesis Info

Author

Muntazar Mehdi

Department

Department of English

Program

Mphil

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Subject

English Language

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728703768

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Linguistics Principles for the Selection of English Text at Secondary Level The English language occupies a prominent place in our educational system. English is taught at least as a subject in all syllabuses, if not as a language. By this the researcher means that planners tend to include English in their syllabuses as a matter of course, but without understanding the implications of teaching it. Yet, that a language is not a subject like geography, for example, should be evident to all. A language is much more than a subject and should be treated as such. It is, in fact, the primary tool of acquisition of knowledge and all social interaction is made possible and sustained by language. The researcher feels that textbook development is of fundamental importance, and that study material should rest on a firm grounding in the theory and practice of language teaching. Applied linguistics supplies a large background of recommendations and approaches for language teaching in general. There are also recommendations and approaches specific to one language, in this case English. ELT (English Language Teaching) has much to offer in this regard, but as far as the researcher can see, there is little to indicate that syllabus planners and study material developers in the country are aware of these matters. Among the many factors responsible for the current situation in English, this is a prominent one. Textbooks as we see them today encourage rote learning for the obvious purpose of passing exams. They do little for the acquisition of usable skills. A major overhauling of attitudes is desirable if whatever little English is left in the country is not lost altogether. In the light of the foregoing, the researcher has tried to identify problems and suggest solutions for students at the secondary level, often considered to be the pivotal point in the totality of the educational experience in Pakistan. Whatever this stage might be for other subjects, it is deplorably weak in English. Language handicaps incurred at this level pull our students down at higher levels. The researcher is aware that many interlocking factors contribute to this unsatisfactory situation. For the purposes of this study he has focused on only one of them.
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الوداع بابا

الوداع بابا

کل مریم نواز نے کہا

کہ ڈرتے ہیں بندقوں والے ایک نہتی لڑکی سے

اس کے جواب میں نور الہدا شاہ نے ایک تلخ حقیقت بیان کر دی

ایک نہتی لڑکی

راولپنڈی جیل

4اپریل 1979ء

صبح سے پہلے

میرے والد کو قتل کر دیا گیا

ویران بدو دار سہالہ پولیس کیمپ میں

میں اور ماں مقید

وہ کربناک رات گزارنے کے لیے مجھے ماں نے نیند کی گولی دی تھی

اچانک

میں بستر میں اٹھ کر بیٹھ گئی

نہیں پا پا نہیں

میری چیخ نکل گئی

ایک نہتی لڑکی

میں نے جیلر کو کہا

ہمیں وزیر اعظم کے ساتھ جا نا ہے

اس نے کہا ،وہ انہیں دفنانے کے لیے لے جا چکے ہیں

گھر والوں کے بغیر انہیں دفنانے لے گئے میں نے تلخی سے پوچھا

کہاں لے گئے ہیں ؟

وہ چپ

میں ششدر کھڑی رہی

ذوالفقار علی بھٹو جو عوام کے ووٹوں سے منتخب ہوئے تھے

موت کی نیند سلا دیے گئے تھے

ایک نہتی لڑکی

میں جیلر کے سامنے بے بس کھڑی تھی

میرے ہاتھوں میں میرے والد کے آخری کپڑے تھے جن سے ابھی تک پرفیوم کی خوشبو آ رہی تھی

میں نے قمیض کو اپنے ساتھ بینچ لیا

مجھے کیتھی کینڈی یاد آ گئی

جس نے اپنے باپ کے قتل کے بعد اس کا لباس پہن لیا تھا

میں بھی کئی راتیں بابا کی قمیض تکیے کے نیچے رکھ کے سوتی رہی

 

 

 

فتوی کا اسلامی منہج: مجموع فتاوی ابن تیمیہ کے تناظر میں

Im฀m Ibn Taymiyyah is a well-known scholar of Muslims. He was an ocean of knowledge and wisdom. His books prove his excellence He was born in 661 Hijrah in Harr฀n (Syria). He learned every kind of knowledge especially religious knowledge i. E knowledge of Qur’฀n, Tafs฀r, Had฀th, Fiqh, Jurisprudence, philosophy, inheritance law, mathematics, grammar, literature, and poetry etc. He wrote hundreds of books about the above mentioned fields. He was permitted to give Fatw฀ (verdict) in his early age. He was successful in achieving the position of Ijtih฀d (authoritative interpretation of Islamic Law). Ibn Taymiyyah Studied the Profound Books of religions and sects. Then he analyzed the works in the light of senior Imams and Qur฀n and Sunnah. He is an extra ordinary person in his knowledge and writings. In brief we can say the fatw฀s of Imam Ibn Taymiyyah have printed in thirty seven volumes. His first ratiocination in Fatwa is from the Holy Qur฀n. He presents the arguments from the Hadith and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (S. A. W). He considered Ijm฀ ‘ (consensus of Muslim opinion) as a proof of Shar฀‘ah. He presents the point of view of various schools of thought, He trusted in the books of ancient scholars. He also answers the anticipating ambiguity and complication. A few of his fatwas begin with all praise to Allah. His fatw฀s are concordant with the life of the Muslims. In this article a deep study of fatwa of Ibn Taymiyyah has been taken as a guideline for fatwa in Islamic methodology.

صہیونی سرمایہ داری نظام کے عالمی اقتصادیات پر اثرات

The Thesis "IMPACTS OF ZIONIST CAPITALIST SYSTEM ON WORLD ECONOMY A Critical Analysis, Consists four Chapter, subdivided into 11 Sub-Chapter. The first chapter is "Historical Background of Zionism". This chapter is divided into three sub-chapters, namely: • Introduction of Zionism. • Aims and Objectives of Zionism. • Zionist Secret Organizations The second chapter is "Analysis of Wor1d Economy. This chapter is divided into three sub-chapters, namely: • Meaning and definition of Economics. • Economic thought of Muslim and European Scholars. • Analysis of Wor1d Economics System. The third chapter is "Analysis of Zionist Capitalist System". This chapter is divided into three sub-chapters, namely: • Basic Structure of Zionist Capitalist System. • Introduction of Zionist Banking System. • Zionist Institution of Monetary and Trade The four chapter is "Impacts of Zionist Capitalist System on World Economy. This chapter is divided into two sub-chapters, namely: • Impacts of Zionist Banking System on World Economy. • Impacts of Zionist Trading Companies on Wor1d Economy.In the end the summary of the contexts is presented as conclusion and annexed with a rich list of bibliography related