مولانا ابو الوفاء افغانی
معارف کے قارئین مولانا ابوالوفاء افغانی کے نام سے اور کام سے بخوبی واقف ہیں ان کی پیدائش افغانستان میں ہوئی، لیکن تعلیمی مراحل ہندوستان میں طے ہوئے اور یہاں کے باکمال اساتذہ سے استفادہ کیا، زندگی کا بڑا حصہ حیدرآباد میں گزرا، عرصہ تک مدرسہ نظامیہ میں مدرس رہے، فقہ حنفی سے خاص مناسبت تھی اور امام ابوحنیفہ ان کے تلامذہ اور ائمہ احناف سے بے حد عقیدت تھی، لجنۃ احیاء المعارف العثمانیہ ان کی اس عقیدت کی گواہ ہے، انھوں نے قاضی ابو یوسف امام محمد اور شمس لائمہ سرخسی کی کتابیں ڈھونڈ کر جمع کیں، بڑی دیدہ ریزی کے ساتھ مختلف نسخوں کا مقابلہ کیا، جان کا ہی کے ساتھ ان کی تصحیح کی، حواشی لکھے، انڈکس بنائے اور حسن و خوبی کے ساتھ طباعت کا انتظام کیا، وہ پرانے مدرسوں کے پڑھے ہوئے تھے، لیکن نئے محققین بھی ان کا لوہا مانتے تھے، افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ ماہ علم و تحقیق کی یہ شمع خاموش ہوگئی، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو اپنی رحمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے اور ان کے بیش بہاکاموں کے جاری رکھنے کا انتظام فرمائے۔
(عبد السلام قدوائی ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۷۵ء)
This research article is based upon critical analysis of D.S Margoliouth’s indictment regarding pious lineage “Nasb e Muṭahharra”. Generally Orientalists have tried to affect the image of the Prophet Muḥammad (s.a.w) and prevailed uncertainties. It affects a large number of Muslim Scholars, intellectuals and youngsters because Orientals’ are well aware that Muslims cannot be defeated in battle-fields unless they are defeated in the field of faith and ideology. Our aim is to protect less aware Muslims, intellectuals and youngsters form the pseudo and grimy views of the Orientalists. Like other prejudice Orientalists D.S. Margoliouth have also indictments regarding lineage (Nasb e Muṭahharra) in his book “Muḥammad and The Rise of Islam”. Margoliouth argue with texts of Qur’ān and Ḥadith, without having any relation with the passage, to identify the essence of his ill well, hatred and prejudice with in the eyes of Muslims and common readers at large. This article concern five allegations of D.S. Margoliouth on the lineage “Nasb e Muṭahharra” and concludes that he failed to maintain his objectivity in the description of lineage “Nasb e Muṭahharra”.
Pakistan is a country where the requirement of Environmental Impact Assessment was presented in 1983 by Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance (PEPO, 1983), but it was not efficiently implemented by the ordinance, and formally came to an effect when Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) was passed in 1997 as a major environmental legislation. For the purpose of this study 150 environmental reports were reviewed and over 100 practitioners (consultants, NGOs, academics, lawyers, EPA personnel, environment specialists from donor agencies) were interviewed, besides closely monitoring the EIA process in the province of the Punjab. The present study includes the review of section 12 of PEPA vs actual practice in the province of Punjab Pakistan with reference to international Standards/guidelines and requirements, review of EIA Reports quality and consultants practice in Punjab, along with the Development of an outline/framework for Model EIA. The present study is based on multi-method approach involving survey, assessment checklist, and questionnaire. Despite the recent improvement in EIA implementation in Pakistan over the last few years, still there is a dire need to revise the current legislation on EIA due to difficulties and deficiencies identified in practice. The current study not only identifies and highlights the weaknesses and deficiencies that result in violation of section 12 of PEPA, but also suggest measures to revise section 12 of PEPA 1997 and its pertaining rules and regulations regarding screening, scoping public consultation, alternatives, mitigation measures and management plan to make EIA an effective decision making tool. Moreover assessment of EIA reports and consultant practice of carrying out EIA identified the wrong categorization of project, lack in identifying the scope of the project, weak consultation among stakeholders, poor quality of baseline data, missing component of project alternatives, insufficient mitigation measures, inadequate EMP and totally ignoring component of GRM, indigenous people and climate change. This pioneer study advocates the need to include, follow and implement Model EIA in execution phase of every developmental project. Referred format would result in introducing a better quality in assessment report and practice thus making EIA a powerful tool to mitigate the consequences of any proposed development projects through evaluation of the environmental and social determinants.