Gender Roles Redefined in Bharati Mukherjee's Novels This qualitative study is based on theoretical paradigms of feminism and gender. Hence feminism is my research methodology whereas textual and discourse anylysis are used as research method. Taking postcolonial feminist perspective, Bharati Mukherjee’s two novels, Jasmine and Desirable Daughters, are analysed in the light of theories presented by Simone de Beauvoir and Judith Butler: two feminists and gender theorists. Beauvoir’s ideas such as women as the Other, existence precedes essence, one is not born but becomes a woman, emancipation of women, and art of living are applied to the text of the selected novels. Similarly, Butler’s concepts of gender performativity, gender as an act and gender as a choice are analysed. According to Beauvoir and Butler, gender is a process of construction by society and culture. Here Indian and American societies are focused to study gender roles. Attempt is made to point out various factors that lead towards change in gender roles. The women characters and their lives in two different cultures are given a very detailed scrutiny. Problems faced by the women in India and then in the immigrant world of America are highlighted. Mukherjee’s female protagonists pass through a series of transformations to find their identities. This study also reveals limitations on gender choice and the process of finding gender identity. Effort is made to prove that women can live independently as a subject by making choices and developing a moral self. Mukherjee’s female as well as male characters change their roles. Hence gender roles redefinition is explained through my research study. At first, by deriving principles from the theories of Beauvoir and Butler, research hypothesis is made. Then research questions are formulated to prove the research hypothesis. Related literature is reviewed in detail so as to provide validity and authenticity to my research. The selected theoretical principles are then applied to the texts of both novels to test the research hypothesis. Examples are taken from both novels and texts are analysed in the light of views presented by theorists and critics. Using inductive mode of research inquiry; giving examples at first, deductions are made at the end and on the basis of research findings, conclusion is drawn.
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