ذکر میرا وہ کریں منظور کیوں
جانے وہ الفت سے ہیں معذور کیوں
پوچھتی ہے تم سے یہ میری وفا
جان کر مجھ سے ہوئے رنجور کیوں
آن بیٹھے وہ نظر کے سامنے
قبلہ و کعبہ ہو اب منظور کیوں
ہیں میسر ان کی مست آنکھیں جنھیں
وہ اٹھائیں بادہ و انگور کیوں
تم فضاؔ جب ہو مری محبوب تو
پھر میں دیکھوں حسن کیا اور حور کیوں
Cardiac arrhythmias has been frequently reported after left ventricular assist devices implantation but currently literature shows no sufficient information on cardiac arrhythmias. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and other features of ventricular and supra ventricular ectopic beats ((SVEB), atrial fibrillation (AF)/flutter (AFL) post device implantation. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in Department of Cardiac-Surgery, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy from June 2014-September 2016. Rhythm monitoring and registration were collected from 16 patients (13 males; 45±13years) during the first five (05) days after implantation. To assess late post-operative rhythm, patient’s hospital electronic records were used as well asfunctional hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial pressure(MAP), right atrial pressure(RAP), heart rate(HR) and ST-deviation(d-ST). Results: Ventricular arrhythmia (n=9), atrial fibrillation (n=5) or atrial flutter (n=2) episodes were preoperatively present in 11 patients. Postoperatively, 5 patients developed either VT (n=2), AF (n=1) or both VT/AF (n=2) during a follow-up of 18±14 months. Prior to postoperative VT (POVT) episodes (n=123), MAP decreased, HR, d-ST increased and RAP remained unaltered. POVT were initiated either by single VEBS (28%), V-couplets (15%), V-run (46%) or occurred suddenly (11%). Conclusions: Ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias are common after device implantation. The frequency of sustained VTA was less at early phase as compared to late postoperative phase.
The purpose of this research study is to explore the practice of the cross cultural training before expatriates
are posted on overseas assignments, and to assess the impacts of cross cultural training on the performance
of expatriates. Multinational organizations need expatriates who can be representatives, ambassadors and
have knowledge of coordination, integration of operations, knowledge transfer, and global managerial skills
as they are investing in foreign markets to establish some subsidiaries in foreign countries. During this
process, many of expatriates are not able to complete their overseas assignments. The rate of failure
sometimes can reach to 85 percent. The main reasons of this high rate are culture shock, difficulties in
adjustment, and so on.
A questionnaire was developed based on the theoretical framework. The samples comprising 100 expatriates
were taken from different organizations; education, construction, telecommunication, and press and media
were focused in particular.
The conclusion of the study has revealed that there are multi-faceted benefits of cross cultural training for
expatriates working abroad. Cross cultural training can minimize culture shock, and premature return.
Moreover, it can facilitate cultural adjustment, high productivity, and expatriates’ performance.
The study has been delimited to the global companies operating in Pakistan. However, the majority of the
organizations are established in Islamabad.