Phonological Problems, Faced by Sindhi Speaking Students (In Speaking English) at College Level in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh It is generally conceded that one kind of interference behavior, phoneme substitution, occurs when a learner unconsciously identifies or categorizes as L2 sound as being the same as a particular L1 sound (even though it differs from the L1 sound in the perceptions of native speakers of the L2). So it is natural for phonological differences to exist in the pronunciation of a second language speaker and a native speaker of the same language. Thus phonological problems of the Sindhi speaking students in speaking English are obvious. Close observation of the students enthused the researcher to find out the difference of the SSS in pronunciation in speaking English from Received Pronunciation (RP) and the factors involved in the deviation. To find out and record ‘deviation’ of the Sindhi speaking students’ pronunciation of the English language from the Standard English sounds, the respondents were asked to read out common words, short paragraphs and a page of dialogues and their reading was recorded in audiocassettes. Later on the recording of the respondents was heard along with the supervisor very carefully and was written in transcription and analyzed. The result shows that the articulation of almost all the students was similar in English pronunciation (sounds), accent and intonation. The factors: interference of mother tongue, age, society, culture, and standard of education involve in the phonological problems. Besides the recording, a questionnaire consisting of eight questions was given to the SSS to fill up. Later on answers of the questions were analyzed and incorporated in the thesis.
تلازمہ میں غربت کی آغوش میں پلا ہوں۔۔۔! پھر کوہِ صفا کے جذبات سے کوہِ مروا کی جذباتی کشش تک کرنوں کے خط قطع کرتے ہوئے۔۔۔! حرفوں کی جدا جدا ترتیب و تشکیل روایت کرتا ہوں بابِ لذت کے مکالمے میں ۔۔۔! صحرائی دانش وروں کی کیفیت سمو کر۔۔۔، امرا القیس کی سرگوشیوں میں پہچان کی کونپلوں۔۔۔ عبلہ کی آہٹوں کو سمو کر۔۔۔! چاندنی اور خوشبو کے گلے ملنے کی باتیں کرتا ہوں میں زخم کے تلازمے کو کھنکتی مٹی کی شرطوں سے بچاتے ہوئے۔۔! پتھروں میں عزاداری کرتے ہوئے۔۔۔آئینے کی طرف داری کرتے ہوئے جنابِ عشق کا صحیفہ پڑھ کر۔۔۔! دل فریب آرزو کی رگوں میں سرایت کرتا ہوں جمالِ بہار کی داستاں۔۔۔! سبز رنگوں میں روایت کرتا ہوں
Sinlessness is the hallmark ofthe Characters of Prophets (Peace he Upon them) . There is not an iota of sin in the words and deeds of the prophets (Peace be Upon them) . As a matter offact absolute pretty and sinlessness are part and paral of their character yet there are some traditions in which exhibit deviation from the collective stance of the Ummah regarding prophets. There is a narration about the interpretation ofsura Hajj. verse No 51. This narration contains disgusting things about Muhammad (SA IV) . This research article examines and analyses all the charges leveled against Muhammad (SA W) and by proofs and evidences exonerate himfrom the same.
Learning organizations are known as the organizations that have changeable strong working environment. These were objectives of the study.1 To find out difference between public and private universities on Performance Evaluation Standards (PES) by HEC of Administrative group. 2. To find out difference among administrative groups (Registrar, Dean and H.O.Ds) on performance Evaluation Standards by HEC at University level. 3. To explore difference in the opinions of students and teachers regarding learning organization at public and private universities.4. To find out the role of learning organization as organization, individual, knowledge and technology at university level in Islamabad. 5. To find out difference regarding “learning organization” with respect to academic qualification, department, gender of teaching group atuniversity level.6.To examine the opinions of administrative group and teaching group regarding performance evaluation and learning organization at university level. All public and private universities of Islamabad having the departments of Computer Sciences, Management Sciences were the population of the study. The convenient sampling technique was applied. The sample was comprised of 5 registrars, 12 deans, 12 heads, 147 teachers, and 456 students of the departments of computer sciences and management sciences of the public and private universities of Islamabad. Two Questionnaires were used for data collection. The ANOVA and t-test were used as statistical technique. Finding of the research revealed that there had significant difference was found among public and private universities regarding performance evaluation standard (Mission Statement and Goals of the Organization, Integrity, Faculty, Curricula between Academic Programs). But differences were found insignificant between administrative groups regarding performance evaluation standard. It was also explored that there was found significant difference among teaching group (students and teachers) regarding learning organization. There was found significant difference among universities regarding learning organization. There were insignificant differences found in learning organization with respect to academic qualification, department and gender of teaching Group.