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Phonological Problems, Faced by Sindhi Speaking Students In Speaking English at College Level in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Ashraf Joyo

Department

Department of English

Program

Mphil

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Subject

English Language

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728714133

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Phonological Problems, Faced by Sindhi Speaking Students (In Speaking English) at College Level in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh It is generally conceded that one kind of interference behavior, phoneme substitution, occurs when a learner unconsciously identifies or categorizes as L2 sound as being the same as a particular L1 sound (even though it differs from the L1 sound in the perceptions of native speakers of the L2). So it is natural for phonological differences to exist in the pronunciation of a second language speaker and a native speaker of the same language. Thus phonological problems of the Sindhi speaking students in speaking English are obvious. Close observation of the students enthused the researcher to find out the difference of the SSS in pronunciation in speaking English from Received Pronunciation (RP) and the factors involved in the deviation. To find out and record ‘deviation’ of the Sindhi speaking students’ pronunciation of the English language from the Standard English sounds, the respondents were asked to read out common words, short paragraphs and a page of dialogues and their reading was recorded in audiocassettes. Later on the recording of the respondents was heard along with the supervisor very carefully and was written in transcription and analyzed. The result shows that the articulation of almost all the students was similar in English pronunciation (sounds), accent and intonation. The factors: interference of mother tongue, age, society, culture, and standard of education involve in the phonological problems. Besides the recording, a questionnaire consisting of eight questions was given to the SSS to fill up. Later on answers of the questions were analyzed and incorporated in the thesis.
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ذکرِ الٰہی

ذکرِ الٰہی
اللہ اللہ کریا کر، بس اللہ اللہ کریا کر
خالی کوٹھی دل والی اے ذکر دے نال توں بھریا کر

فجری اُٹھ مسیتے جاویں
رُٹھے رب نوں رج مناویں
کدی کسے دا دل ناں ڈھاویں
جو وی تیرے سر تے آوے نال صبر دے جریا کر
اللہ اللہ کریا کر، بس اللہ اللہ کریا کر

مسجد دی جو کرے صفائی
رحمت رب دی اس نے پائی
قبر عذابوں ملے رہائی
رحمت دے دریا دے وچوں من دی ڈولی بھریا کر
اللہ اللہ کریا کر، بس اللہ اللہ کریا کر

وچ مسیتاں چانن کردا
مالک جہڑا مال تے زر دا
رہیں خدا تھیں ہر دم ڈردا
توبہ دے دریا دے اندر ہر ویلے توں تریا کر
اللہ اللہ کریا کر، بس اللہ اللہ کریا کر

جہڑا درس مسیت بناوے
اللہ اُس دا رزق ودھاوے
ایتھے اوتھے تھوڑ نہ پاوے
ساون بدل وانگوں سجناں وچ مسیت دے ورھیا کر
اللہ اللہ کریا کر، بس اللہ اللہ کریا کر

قادریؔ کر توں ذکر الٰہی
اس وچ ذرا نہ کریں کوتاہی
ہوویں پاک عرب دا راہی
اوکڑاں جتنیاں مرضی آون، اُچا جگرا کریا کر
اللہ اللہ کریا کر، بس اللہ اللہ کریا کر

Impact of Covid-19 As a Pandemic on Various Industries: A Conceptual Paper

Pandemics always create dreadful effects not only on human life but also drastically influence businesses and industries. Historical evidence has apparently indicated that the outbreak of Spanish flu, SARS, MERS, and Ebola viruses, all created radical impacts on businesses around the globe, leaving behind the economic structures into miseries and deprivations. Similar is the case of COVID-19 outbreak which instigated from China and dispersed all over the globe. In Pakistan, the first case was reported in March 2020 and since then the government has relentlessly tried to impose lockdown and social distancing in order to avert the harm. It has been substantiated that the public isolations and lockdowns have not only yielded negative impacts on the economy but also on different forms of business and employment. Therefore, this study is aimed to analyze potential impacts of COVID-19 on different forms of industries in Pakistan through gathering the public opinion as the source of data. The study is one of the preliminary studies therefore it is based on descriptive design in order to show perceived impact of outbreak of virus. Results indicated that the pandemic is harmful and affecting most of the business in negative manner however there are some businesses which are burgeoning on opportunities emerged from the pandemic and attaining growth due to the spread of the virus.

Effect of Temperature and Particle Size on Pyrolysis Yield from Paper Mulberry Broussonetia Papyrifera

Pyrolysis technology is most commonly employed to convert widely available biomass into useful biofuel products to meet energy needs and obtain chemical feedstocks. In the present study, pyrolysis of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) was carried out with the aim to study the product distribution and their chemical compositions. The optimum process conditions for maximizing the pyrolytic yield were also determined. Experiments were performed in a well-swept resistively heated fixed-bed reactor to examine the effect of temperature and particle size on pyrolysis yields. Different ranges of temperature 350 °C, 450 °C, 550 °C and particle sizes 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm were used and their effect was evaluated on pyrolysis of Broussonetia papyrifera. The pyrolysis products were collected within three different groups as non-condensable gases products, condensable liquids and solid biochar. The result showed that the highest biochar product was attained at 350 oC and 3 mm particle size while the highest bio-oil yield was obtained at 450 oC and 2 mm particle size. On the other hand, the optimum temperature and particle size for gas yield was 550 oC and 1 mm. The bio-char with highest fixed carbon content (61%) and calorific value (26.5 MJ/Kg) was observed at 550 °C and 3mm. Nutrient elements like Mg, Al, Cu, Zn, Ca and K were found in high concentrations. The GC-Ms analysis of bio-oil showed that it was rich in alkanes, alcohols, ketones and cycloalkanes. The bio-oil was acidic (pH ranging 3.4-3.9) at all temperatures and particle sizes. The heating value of bio-oil was maximum at 3 mm and 550 °C (25 MJ/Kg). The gas product was mainly composed of CO2, CO, CH4 and hydrocarbons. The results of the present study showed that the pyrolysis of Broussonetia papyrifera produce carbon rich, high energy and relatively pollution-free potential solid biofuels and bio-oil.