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Maintaining Multiple Identities: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of South Asian Immigrant Fiction

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Usman Ghani

Department

Department of English

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Subject

English Language

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728714698

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Maintaining Multiple Identities: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of South Asian Immigrant Fiction South Asian immigrants on being in a foreign land, including Britain and the USA, have to make many adjustments in their lifestyles to live a less frictional and more resourceful life. Yet they cannot completely delink themselves from their original culture in which they or their parents are brought up. This results in their developing complex and multiple identities which draw force partially from their origin as well as their host culture. Fiction writings, particularly by Diaspora writers, bring out these conflicts/issues more clearly than any other means as authors masquerade behind the veils of their respective protagonists whom they give their languages, origins, ethnicities, biographical similarities, particularly identity dilemmas and crises. This study aims to investigate how immigrants of various South Asian origins and generations develop, maintain and/or negotiate the multiple aspects of their identities when they live in an entirely different host culture. With this aim in mind, the lives of characters in selected works of South Asian Immigrant Fiction have been analyzed using Bakhtin's framework of Novelistic Discourse for detecting the identity issues confronted by the immigrants as it particularly focuses on the dialogical relationship between the author and his/her characters, their languages and worldviews in the novelistic discourse. The works chosen centre around the issues of maintenance and negotiation of identities of various characters in the South Asian Immigrant Fiction in English. The ideology and identity of the authors is traced through their language use and portrayal of characters. Bakhtin's framework is aided by Sociolinguistic tools as well as Literary Close Reading, Discourse Analysis and Social Anthropology. The study reveals that the necessity of developing multiple, contradictory and compromised identities are not without their windfalls and pitfalls though; it is helpful in immigrants' assimilation and naturalization in the host culture, yet at the cost of losing a great part of their original culture, language and heritage. Grown up in their native countries, the first generation parents are able to maintain multiple identities pretty successfully by posing a 'fake' identity. In contrast, the subsequent generations (in their developmental stages) have to face many peculiar dilemmas which often result in distancing/breaking off from their parents. The biggest challenge that poses the latter is striking a balance between individualism and family unity, personal freedom and family life, adjustment in the mainstream and expectations of home and, liberty and social conservatism.
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ڈھاکہ فال کی کہانی

ڈھاکہ فال کی کہانی

ڈھاکہ فا ل کی کہانی bbcکے مارک ٹیلی کی زبانی (تصویر کے دونوں رخ )

مارک ٹیلی کو اسی کی دہائی میں رہنے والے لوگ تو اچھی طرح جانتے ہین خصوصاََ جیالے کیونکہ چئیر مین بھٹو شہید کے کیس کی بھی ساری کوریج مارک ٹیلی نے کی۔ میں نے پہلی بار مارک ٹیلی کو 5اپریل1979کو قریب سے لیاقت باغ میں چئیر مین بھٹو شہید کے غائبانہ نمازِ جنازہ میں دیکھا جہاں وہ بڑا سا کیمرہ کندھے پر اٹھائے نظر آئے اور انھوں نے ہم سے یہ بھی پوچھا کہ جنازے میں شرکت کے لیے کون کون لیڈر آ رہا ہے ۔مجھے تو خیر اپنا ہو ش نہیں تھا ۔غائبانہ نمازِ جنازہ کا احوال پھر کسی اور موقع پر لکھوں گا ۔۔دماغ جیسے شل تھا ۔4اپریل کی رات بی بی سی پر ان کے بیان پر راولہنڈی کے وکیل وہاب الخیری نے ان کے خلاف مقدمہ بھی درج کروایا ۔وہ خود انڈیا میں پیداہوئے اس لیے اردو ہندی بھی بہت اچھی طرح جانتے تھے ۔اس وڈیو میں انھوں نے ڈھاکہ فال کے بارے میں بتایا اور یہ بھی بتایا کہ ظلم صرف پاکستانی آرمی نے ہی نہیں مکتی باہنی مسلح جنگجوئوں نے بھی کئے مگر ظاہر ہے آرمی کا پلہ بھاری تھا ۔اس لیے مکتی باہنی کے جنگجوئوں کو زیادہ اہمیت نہ دی گئی ۔

 

کنہ المراد فی بیان بانت سعاد میں سیوطی کا اسلوب

Ka’ab bin Zuhair recited his famous poem of praise for the Prophet (s.a.w) in his presence and received his cloth as a gift in return. His poem has been narrated in the collections of Hadis and Seerah along with its notable presence in the Arabic literature. Allama Jalal ud Din as-Suyūṭī has written a detailed explanation on this poem with the title of Kunhul Murad fi bayan Banat Suaad. This article describes the back ground of the poem and then focuses on the approach adopted by Allama Suyūṭī in his explanations and gives an analysis on his style. As he has adopted the classical approach for the explanation therefore, his work is quite elaborate and consists wide range of related information which has made it one of the most popular explanation of the poem Banat Suaad. This study explains his methodology along with examples from his work.

Frequency and Susceptibility of Causative Organisms in Neonatal Sepsis at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan: A Retrospective Hospital Based Study

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the significant causes of mortality and morbidity in neonatal age. Prompt clinical diagnosis and empirical antibiotic therapy is essential to decrease the mortality and morbidity. Because the causative organisms and their susceptibility are different, place to place and time to time, and resistant to commonly used antibiotics, it is alarming all over the world especially in developing countries Therefore, periodic causative and antimicrobial surveillance is essential all over the world. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of causative organisms and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics in neonatal sepsis as well as to direct the empirical antibiotic therapy at French Medical Institute for Children (FMIC), Kabul Afghanistan. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted. A total of 270 blood culture positive patients were included in the study from January 2013 to June 2016. Medical record files and blood culture results were reviewed. Results: A total of 1184 suspected neonatal sepsis patients were admitted. Blood culture was positive in 298 (25.1%), of which 172 (63.7%) were gram negative; while 90 (33.3%) were gram positive organisms and 8 (2.9%) were with fungal growth. Pseudomonas 42 (15.5%) and Klebsiella 41 (15.1%) were the leading causes among gram negative organisms followed by Burkholderia (10.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (7.7%), E. coli(5.5%) and other gram negative organisms. CoNS 68(25.1%) was the most common organism among gram positive following by Staphylococcus aureus 15 (5.5%) and Enterococcus 7 (2.6%). All isolated organisms were highly resistant to Ampicillin (>75%), Cefotaxime (>50%) and Gentamycin (>25%), while the most effective drug for gram negative organisms were Imipenem, Tazobactam+Piperacillin, Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin. All gram positive organisms were highly sensitive (100%) to Vancomycin. Conclusion: Gram negative organisms were the leading cause of neonatal sepsis followed by gram positive. All isolated organism were highly resistant to commonly used empirical antibiotics for neonatal sepsis. Irrational use of antibiotics by physicians is leading to resistance, mortality and morbidity. In order to prevent all these bad outcomes, regular educational awareness programs in the hospitals and regular surveillance for detecting the common causes and their susceptibility is crucial to adapt the empirical antibiotic therapy in neonatal sepsis.