An Analytical Study of a Sense of Home and Identity of the Protagonist in Rachel Dewosking's Novel "Repeat After Me" This study has explored the narrator and protagonist Aysha's sufferings caused by her traumatic past (she underwent her parents' breakup in her teens), and analyzed and interpreted her search for a sense of home and identity in American writer Rachel DeWoskin's novel Repeat After Me. Her parents' breakup is a very painful and disturbing experience in Aysha's life, it estranges the whole family and gives Aysha a feeling of being abandoned. Moreover, she harbors a strong sense of guilt about the whole situation. These unpleasant emotions seriously affect her mental health as well as her personality and behavior, and she feels herself to be an outsider in her family and hometown New York. Nevertheless she is unconsciously seeking for a "sense of home" that is feelings of love, security, peace, belonging, etc, besides she is searching for a strong sense of identity. Her searches help her in the end to cure her own woes and trade her broke life with a better one eventually. This work is a literature-based research. It has been critically analyzed in the backdrop of psychoanalysis and identity theories. Psychoanalysis theory deals with psychological problems and addresses unconscious aspects of the people, and identity theory studies one's perception and expression of "Who one is?" and "Where does one belong?" Based on these theoretical frameworks, the researcher has described how Aysha's past interferes with her present, how she searches for a sense of home and finally gets free from her past, finds a strong sense of identity and understands herself. In addition to analyzing Aysha, the central character Da Ge is also analyzed briefly as he had parallel life experience as Aysha--both come from disturbed and broken families. The results reveal that the experience of family break up can be a terrible hardship for children, it can affect their emotional, physical, as well as psychological well-being. Aysha was hurt seriously, she is constantly searching for a sense of home and identity she lost in her teens. Finally, as a result of her search she overcomes her trauma and manages to lead a happy life.
جسٹس خواجہ محمد یوسف سخت افسوس ہے کہ جسٹس خواجہ محمد یوسف ۹؍ دسمبر ۲۰۰۴ء کو میڈی ویو نرسنگ ہوم میں وفات پاگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ وہ کلکتہ کے بہت محبوب اور ہر دل عزیز شخص تھے، مہینوں سے موت و زیست کی کشمکش میں گرفتار تھے، چند ماہ قبل برلاہارٹ ریسرچ سنٹر میں ان کے دل کا آپریشن ہوا تھا، اس کے بعد ہی سے کچھ نہ کچھ تکلیف رہتی تھی، انتقال سے پندرہ روز پہلے بیماری بڑھ گئی تو نرسنگ ہوم میں داخل ہوئے، ڈاکٹروں کی نگرانی میں امبولنس اور اسٹریچر پر تھوڑی دیر کے لیے ایران سوسائٹی میں تشریف لائے جہاں ۸؍ دسمبر کو ان کے بڑے صاحبزادے خواجہ جاوید یوسف کی شادی ہورہی تھی اور نکاح ہوتے ہی نرسنگ ہوم واپس چلے گئے، ۹؍ دسمبر کی صبح کو اچانک طبیعت زیادہ خراب ہوگئی مگر دوپہر تک سنبھل گئی تو کھانا تناول فرمایا اور سوگئے، شام کو پھر طبیعت خراب ہوئی اور ڈاکٹر کے آنے سے پہلے ہی مالک حقیقی سے جاملے۔ میت گھر پر آئی تو تعزیت کے لیے آنے والوں کا تانتا بندھ گیا، دوسرے دن غسل اور کفن کے بعد دیدار کے لیے جسد خاکی گھر سے متصل اسکول کے ہال میں رکھا گیا تو خلقت ٹوٹ پڑی اور جمعہ بعد جب جنازہ ایک نمبر گوبرا قبرستان لے جانے کے لیے اٹھا تو اس کے ساتھ مسلمانوں کے تمام طبقوں کے علاوہ سکھ، عیسائی، پارسی، ہندو اور بنگالی ہر مذہب و ملت کا ازد حام تھا جو زبانِ حال سے کہہ رہا تھا۔ چل ساتھ کہ حسرتِ دلِ محروم سے نکلے عاشق کا جنازہ ہے ذرا دھوم سے نکلے خواجہ صاحب کی موت ملک و ملت خصوصاً کلکتہ اور مغربی بنگال کے مسلمانوں کے لیے بڑا دردانگیز سانحہ ہے، ان کا وجود ان کے لیے رحمت و نعمت...
Allama Muhammad Iqbal became popular after the translations of his work into Arabic. Scholars, thinkers, writers, and politicians of Arabia were very much influenced by his literary works. A number of books were written on him. Other scholars and Muslim thinkers study his works with keen interest even in the modern times. The universities and other institutions in the Arabian countries have concentrated and contributed in the establishment of academic studies on various aspects of his life, literary works and different translations. This article intended to briefly cover Seminars and celebrations commemorating Iqbal in the Arab countries.
Spin polarized calculations based on FP-(L)APW+lo method were performed on non-magnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phase of Bi2Fe4O9. Antiferromagnetic phase was energetically favourable. All exchange correlation functionals accurately describe structural properties of Bi2Fe4O9 but failed to calculate correct band structure. All exchange correlation functionals with U gave bandgap values (2.05 - 2.2eV) closer to experimental values (1.9 - 2.1 eV). The calculated DOS showed hybridization between Fe 3d and O 2p states along with minor overlap between Bi 6p and O 2p states in upper valance band. Lower conduction band was composed of Fe 3d states. Magnetic properties of Bi2Fe4O9 were due to Fe3+ ions having magnetic moment ~4μB. Induced magnetic moments at other atomic sites depend on their local environment. Charge density plots reveal slight covalent character and strong ionic character between Fe-O atoms and Bi-O atoms. In absorption spectrum peak at 1.5 eV was attributed to d-d transition of Fe3+ ions. While peak at 2.05 eV was ascribed to transitions from O 2p valence band to conduction band Fe 3d levels. Static dielectric constant and refractive index were 17.61 and 4.4 respectively. Reflectivity has peak at 15.75 and 18.37 eV (λ = 78.66 and 67.44 nm). Peak in energy loss spectrum at 21.99 eV corresponds to abrupt decrease of reflectivity. Spin polarized calculations of Fe doped ferromagnetic EuO (Eu0.75Fe0.25O, Eu0.50Fe0.50O and Eu0.25Fe0.75O) using mBJ+U method show that lattice constant linearly decrease with increasing doping concentration of Fe atoms. Semiconductor EuO shows metallic character when doped with Fe atoms. Doped EuO exhibit extra peaks of Fe atom 3d states between -10 to 3.5 eV in valence band. Decrease in bandgap was due to increased spd exchange interaction between band electrons and localized 3d electrons of transition atom. Effect of doping was found to be dependent on the location of dopant ions. Electronic and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic EuFeO3 were calculated using mBJ+U exchange correlation functional that better describe energy bandgap values of strongly correlated 4f system. The calculated bandgap 2.7 eV agrees with experimental value. EuFeO3 was found to be charge transfer insulator due to existence of bandgap between O 2p and Eu 4f states.