آخرت سے متعلق ”ترجمان القرآن“ کے کلامی مباحث کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

In this universe, if we look at the arrival of a human being, it will open up to us the secret that man did not come in this world suddenly, but he had gone through several worlds before stepping into this universe. The First World is called spiritual world where his soul was present and the argument is that when the soul enters the body of the baby and he starts to move in the womb of the mother, so the question now arises where was that soul before it entered the baby’s body? And where did that soul come from? Where it was and wherever it came from, the name of that universe is Spiritual world. After the spiritual world, there is a second world in the womb of the mother. In this world a man must live for at least nine months. Stop for a minute to see this amazing system of power that a baby remains alive in a moving grave for at least nine months. The object is to say that if a human being has to go through two worlds before coming into the universe, so if a fourth world is accepted after this world, what is the rational prohibition behind it? The life in the fourth world is called the life of Hereafter. If there is any disagreement with this name then let’s another name, but a fourth world still have to believe, because when the soul comes out of body after death, the same question will arise here that where did the soul go? In this article, it is examined that how author of “Tarjuman al-Qur’an” Abul Kalam Azad has proved the reality of life of Hereafter and what kind of arguments have given as an evidence in this tafsir?

Analysis of Multidrug Residues and Their Metabolites in Meat and Milk

Modern farming practices involve administration of a wide range of veterinary drugs and biological substances to food-producing animals with the primary aim to combat diseases and promote growth. The residues of these drugs can enter into food chain either directly or indirectly resulting in serious allergic reactions in humans, and development of drug resistance in multiple strains of bacteria as in case of antibiotics. The main focus of this research work was the development of analytical methodologies for the identification of various classes of antibiotics in broiler chicken and bovine milk using LC-MS/MS. All the developed methods were validated according to European Commission Decision 657/2002/EC and parameters determined are: specificity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, within lab reproducibility, decision limits (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ). The first method developed for the analysis of florfenicol residues in chicken muscles. It was found that most of the florfenicol residues remained bound with tissues and could only be extracted with organic solvents after digestion of the tissues with strong hydrochloric acid at 95-100 °C. The bound residues of florfenicol were present in higher concentration as compared to un-bound residues in various tissues of broiler chicken. The second method was developed for the multi-amphenicol analysis in which florfenicol, florfenicol amine, chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol were simultaneously analyzed. The accuracy values were 86.4 to 108.1% and precision values were 2.7 to 16.3%, respectively. Analysis of the various raw samples confirmed the presence of florfenicol and chloramphenicol residues in few samples at low levels. Third method involved multiclass multidrug residues, in which total 68 compounds from six antibiotic classes were analyzed. The accuracy values were 70- 102.9 % for nearly 87% compounds. The developed method can be used for screening purpose to reduce the number of samples for confirmatory analysis, thus improving the efficiency of the laboratory by reducing cost and time. Lastly, prevalence of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics was studied in bovine milk samples obtained from two cities of Punjab, Pakistan using UPLC-MS. Only amoxicillin, ampicillin, Pen G and cloxacillin were found and confirmed in 18 samples.