This thesis is mainly descriptive. It highlights the services and contributions rendered by the Muftis of NWFP (presently Khyber Pk) in the field of Islamic Jurisprudence. Their gigantic work which they have contributed in Jurisprudence striving for the excellent solution of the present day's problems, has been
analyzed extensively and intensively. This work consists of five chapters, findings/suggestions and list of
rich bibliography. Introductions, statement of problems, hypotheses, objectives of research, review of
Literature and survey of the previous work have been added in the prefix.
Chapter 01: It consists of profile of area, includes history of the area, its geography and political setup
before and after the independence. History of establishment of Fatwa centers in NWFP etc have been
discussed briefly but knowingly. In the third part the form and procedures of giving fatwa are mentioned
as they use to do it at mosques and at their homes. Mahabat Khan and Qasim Ali Khan mosques were
famous for this exercise which later on transformed into separate fatwa centers.
Chapter 02: It deals with the exact definition of the word "Fatwa", its history, rulesprinciples and the
significance of fatwa in the light of Holy Quran. Criteria, status of Muftis, and other related issues are also
highlighted in this chapter.
Chapter 03: Renowned Muftis of NWFP and their contributions are main theme of this Chapter. The pre
and post independence period personalities for fatwas are discussed. In pre independence period Mufti
Abdul Rahim Popalzai, Mufti Midrar Ullah, Mufti Abdul Karim Kolachi, Mulana Alauddin, Mulana Hammd
Ullah Jan etc were well known for it. After independence Jamiah Haqqania emerged as the center for
training and learning as well as center for issuing fatwa. All prominent muftis and centers of today have
their roots in Jamiah Haqqania.
This Chapter also deals with Muftis and fatwa centers and their sound political role .The most important
of all was the fatwa endorsing Pakistan's independence. Another major fatwa of political significance was
of getting or seeking independence from the British. The fatwa declaring war against USSR as jihad was
given by Mufti Muhammad Farid of Jamiah Haqqania which had the most powerful political impact and
resulted in disintegration of USSR. This was definitely the most important fatwa of the 20th century.
Chapter three also highlights the contribution of three important Muftis and Fatwa contents which played
a significant political role.
Chapter 04: It deals with critical review of the work done in NWFP regarding Fatwas. In this chapter, a
thorough and well documented evaluation of Fatwa is presented in detail.
Chapter 05: This chapter overviews the impact of Fatwas on society. The Muftis and fatwa centers have
contributed a lot in the society. They spread awareness among people, supported them to seek liberty
and independence, but still some damages were also caused, as few so called muftis, for worldly
advantages and privileges issued fatwas which caused material, physical and financial losses to the
people. In this chapter the suggestions to prevent such events in future are also given.
Each chapter contains references and descriptive notes of its own.
ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صدیقی افسوس ہے کہ ہماری علمی بزم کی ایک اہم یادگار ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صدیقی نے گزشتہ مہینے انتقال کیا، وہ اس دور کے مشہور فاضل اور نامور محقق تھے، ان کا موضوع عربی لسانیات تھا، اس کے متعلقات علم الاشتقاق، رسم الحظ حروف و اصوات وغیرہ پر ان کی نظر بڑی دقیق تھی اور اپنی تحریروں میں اس کا بڑا اہتمام رکھتے تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی علمی و تعلیمی خدمات میں گزری، مگر لکھتے کم تھے، انھوں نے غالباً متفرق مضامین کے علاوہ کوئی مستقل تصنیف یادگار نہیں چھوڑی، مگر ان کے یہ مضامین ان کی محققانہ نظر کا ثبوت ہیں، عرصہ ہوا الٰہ آباد ہونیورسٹی کے شعبۂ عربی و فارسی کی صدارت سے ریٹائر ہوئے تھے اور الٰہ آبادی ہی میں سکونت اختیار کرلی تھی، ایک زمانہ میں ہندوستانی اکیڈمی الٰہ آباد کے رکن رکین تھے، یونیورسٹیوں اور دوسری علمی مجالس میں ان کا بڑا وقار تھا، دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے بھی رکن تھے، ان کا رہن سہن تو جدید تھا، لیکن شرافت و وضعداری اور شفقت و محبت میں مشرق تہذیب کا نمونہ تھے، ادھر کئی سال سے بالکل معذور ہوگئے تھے، آخر میں ہوش و حواس نے بھی جواب دے دیا تھا، اسی حالت میں گزشتہ جولائی میں انتقال کیا، انتقال کے وقت ۸۷ سال کی عمر تھی، مسلمانوں میں ایسے محقق اب مشکل سے پیدا ہوں گے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی،اگست ۱۹۷۲ء)
Since the Arab spring, youth have been politically active in Asia through various modes. Regime revolution or failed takeover on 15 July 2016, in Turkey is its vibrant example. However, it’s unfortunate that the political perception, intention or attitude of youth towards democracy have not been included in the process of policy making. As a result, youth activism in politics remained unrecognized. Therefore, present work is an effort to explore democratic attitude of youth in Pakistan. The state of Pakistan has been selected because 64 % of her population comprises youth. Current study examines democratic attitude through four major independent variables: economic growth, democratic values, public participation and political stability. Data was collected from the respondents who were in between 18-35 years of age by distributing a survey questionnaire which was adopted from the literature. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 24.0. Result of the study suggests that all the developed hypotheses were accepted. Additionally, study finds that despite massive corruption, social injustice, favoritism, nepotism, political instability, economic crisis and many other problems, Pakistani youth overwhelmingly considers democracy, as the potential form of government and dislike any alternative of it. Current study may be the first stone in the stagnant water not only in measuring democratic attitude of young generation but it will also help them to understand what sort of democracy is needed in Pakistan.
Sentiment analysis is basically opinion mining or emotion analysis. Many people express their views and sentiments through verbal, non-verbal and written forms to show their opinions and emotions on products, personalities, tourist places, educational institutions, hospitals, historical places, government, restaurants etc. A number of organizations are planning and concentrating on views and opinions of people to get some useful information. The social media, public and private sector organizations websites, web pages, blogs and online surveys are the important sources for getting opinions and reviews of people, thus, word wide web is best source of generating such types of data. Sentiment analysis, review analysis, emotion detection and opinion mining are procedures of analysing the unstructured or structured data for the purpose of evaluation of sentiments and opinions. Sentiments show the scale or level of confidence for positive opinion, negative opinion or neutral opinion or sentiments. Today, sentiments and opinions or reviews evaluation are one of the significant attentions of Natural Languages Processing generally called NLP. Majority of computational linguistics and sentiment analysis etc. software applications are existing for English and some other languages, nonetheless, numerous languages are there which cannot meet the level and category of these types of languages. Though, research studies and tools development processes are in growth for the languages, which are not resourced languages yet. The Sindhi language is an Asian language, which may be called the morphologically rich language, nevertheless, it faces several complexities since evaluating and analysing the online or offline text. Though, lots of data are available online or offline in different forms but yet no appropriate research study or work has discovered in the field of NLP as well as on sentiment analysis for Sindhi language text particularly. The deficiency of development work and research studies as well as technical resources for Sindhi language make the current research work or study interesting and challenging. Viewing and assessing this challenge, we have taken this task to work more to address the problems of Sindhi language data. Therefore, we have focused the construction of text corpus, data set, sentiment analysis system, word tokenization, part of speech tagging as well as subjective lexicon assessment for Sindhi language text. Supporting tools such as Sindhi POS tagger helps in identifying sentiments from Sindhi text corpus. This study has developed the NLP resources including sentiment analysis resources for Sindhi language text. Separate text corpus and linguistic data sets are developed and analysed by machine learning and deep learning models. Machine learning models are trained with small sentiment-based Sindhi training data and large sentiment-based Sindhi training data. The results confirm the proper performance and execution of supervised machine learning models in form of extraction of appropriate sentiments. The sentiment analysis for Sindhi text is done on document-level sentiment analysis, product level and aspect level sentiment analysis. The leaning model is designed and developed for the purpose of sentiment evaluation and analysis for Sindhi language text. Neural network based LSTM model is used with multiple layers to evaluate and validate the sentiment based Sindhi language text and products feature based data set. Results of models confirm the significance of methodology by showing good sentiment analysis and opinion analysis on Sindhi language text. Research study contributes the Sindhi language plain text corpus, linguistics dataset, aspect-based sentiment analysis dataset to the fields of natural languages processing as well as computational linguistics. Sentiment analysis system, which is developed for the Sindhi text is significant and state-ofthe art work. The work places the Sindhi language for international research to explore the grammatical and morphological complexities, perform the information retrieving, language modelling, semantic and sentiment analysis, universal dependencies and unsupervised modelling for text analysis etc.