Education is playing major role to promote social, political, economical and intellectual development of
any nation around the globe. Students’ performance at primary level is the integration of psychological
socio-economical, institutional standards and parental environment of interest, time spent with
children, mothers’ motivation, fathers’ involvement and investment on children are the big factors to
lift up children academic performance.
The major focus of the study was to explore the impact of maternal workforce on academic performance
of children at primary level. Compare academic performance of children of highly educated working
mothers and less educated working mothers. Investigate the impact social interaction of highly
educated working mothers and less educated working mothers on children. Find out the differences of
time spent in child’s educational activities by highly educated working mothers and less educated
working mothers. Probe variations in income spent by highly educated working mothers and less
educated working mothers on their children.
The study was both quantitative and qualitative in nature. Survey method was used as a major method
for this research study. All those students who had passed class four and promoted to class five were
the part of population and they were 525. Total number of students participating in study were 350.
The total number of teachers were 21. Mothers of the respective students; educated working,
nonworking and without education were the part of population. Proportionate allocation method was
employed to select sample size.
Data were collected through questionnaire; from children, teachers and mothers. Questionnaires were
developed in the light of previous researches. Reliability were also tested, questionnaires were
distributed to the respondents personally. Data were analysed through percentages, graphs, ANOVA and
t-test. Data was tabulated and interpreted in SPSS (statistical package for social sciences).Highly
educated working mothers children’s got high academic(83.4) achievement as compare to less
educated working mothers(74.06).
By applying cross tabulation it was appeared that about 46 children of highly educated working
mothers obtained more than 90% marks. So highly educated mothers are in better position to assist
their children in academic performance at school.
عبدالمنان بیدلؔ پٹنہ یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ فارسی کے سابق پروفیسر جناب عبدالمناف بیدل کی وفات گزشتہ اپریل میں ہوگئی، انھوں نے تقریباً نوے سال کی عمر پائی اور اس لحاظ سے خوش نصیب تھے کہ اپنی زندگی میں اپنے شاگردوں کو علم و ادب میں بڑی شہرت حاصل کرتے دیکھا، بڑے شفیق استاد تھے، اس خاکسار کو بھی ان کی شاگردی کی سعادت نصیب ہوئی، اپنے زمانہ میں فارسی کی نصابی کتابی انگریزی لباس پہن انگریزی زبان میں پڑھاتے وقت اس مشرقی زبان میں مغربی رنگ پیدا کردیتے، بڑے اچھے شاعر بھی تھے، بیدل تخلص کرتے، مشاعروں میں اپنے ترنم سے اپنی شاعری میں دلنوازی، دل ربائی اور دل نشینی کی ساری کیفیت پیدا کردیتے، آخر عمر میں مذہبی رنگ بھی زیادہ غالب ہوگیا تھا، زائرین حج کی خدمت مختلف حیثیتوں سے کرتے رہے، استاذی المحترم حضرت مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کے سفر حج میں ساتھ تھے، سلیمان نمبر میں ان کا ایک پرکیف مضمون ’’سفر حجاز کے تاثرات‘‘ کے عنوان سے شائع ہوا، گزشتہ اگست میں ان کو حکومت ہند کی طرف سے فارسی کی سند کا ایوارڈ بھی ملا، لیکن حکومت کی یہ جوہر شناسی اس وقت ہوئی جب ان کے بہت سے شاگردوں کو ان سے پہلے اس اعزاز سے نوازا جاچکا تھا، اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کو ان کی نیکیوں اور خوبیوں کی بدولت کروٹ کروٹ جنت نعیم عطا فرمائیں، آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مئی ۱۹۸۲ء)
The enormous development in the telecommunications and media technology reduced disparities between time and space, in the age of the Internet and social networking it shaped an electronic community in the form of a real community. So, if dialogue is a religious principle then interaction and mutual understanding between nations and peoples is considered a goal in Islam, since God's wisdom in His creation that people are different, therefore sacred texts came encourage such interaction. Communication and interaction between peoples is an authentic human tendency, a continuous cultural movement and an effective mean of social coexistence, that strengthening the bonds of rapprochement and mutual understanding between human beings, that is why social communication is usually known as the mutual interaction between individuals, this interaction is a type of social networking through the media and various communication that develop and deepening the social connections.
The present study was undertaken to find out the antifungal constituents of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic leaf extract of London rocket weed (Sisymbrium irio L.). To achieve this objective, methanolic leaf extract was partitioned using various organic solvents including ethyl acetate. Different concentrations of ethyl acetate fraction were prepared which ranged from 1.562 to 200 mg mL-1, and evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae isolated from diseased onion. A significant reduction in fungal biomass of 77–93% was recorded due to different concentrations of this fraction. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 7 constituents in the fraction. Among these 1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 5-(1-methylethyllidene) (26.31%) and Di-n-octyl phthalate (26.28%) were the most abundant followed by Acetic Acid, butyl ester (11.67%) and γ-Sitosterol (11.64%). Presence of these compounds may be responsible for antifungal behavior of this fraction against the pathogen of basal rot disease of onion.