القوافل التجارية اإلفريقية خالل القرن التاسع عشر امليالدي: قوافل منطقة وادي نون منوذجا

ملخـص: اضطلعت قافلة منطقة وادي نون بدور مهم كوسيط وصـلة وصـل بـين اللـمال والجنـوب، فوقوع هذا المجال الصحراوي وسـط المغـرب، جعلـن منفـذا يجاريـا لل اـاري اإلفريقيـة اآلييـة مـن جنوب الصحراء، والمتجهة نحو شمال المغرب وأوروبا والعكس صحيح، إال أن ذلك ال يعني عـدم يعرض القوافل التجارية لملاكل يحول دون نجاح مهمتها، التـي يتطلـا الـتمكن مـن منهجيـة عمـل محكمة وما وطة، يحقق أرباح ونتارج إيجابية، سواء على المستوى االجتمـاعي أو االقتصـادي أو الثقافي. الكلمات المفتاحية: وادي نون، التجارة الصحراوية، القوافل التجارية.

Screening of Phytochemicals Against Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1 Through Molecular Docking

Asthma is one of the most frequent disorders being observed in clinical practices. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are the main mediators of the entire allergic reactions and also a vital part of the inflammatory reactions that lead to the usual symptoms of asthma. Montelukast and Zafirlukast are known leukotriene receptor antagonists prescribed in asthma treatment. However, these fall short as mono therapy and are frequently used in combination with inhaled glucocorticosteroids with or without long acting beta 2 agonists. Therefore, it is of interest to apply ligand and structure based virtual screening strategies to identify compounds better than lead compounds i.e., Montelukast and Zafirlukast. The aim of the present study was to identify the novel phytochemicals of anti-asthma plants against cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1, which had more antagonizing potential as compared to Montelukast and Zafirlukast and could be helpful to control the asthma disease. For this purpose, 1216 phytochemicals of 54 medicinal plants against cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 were screened. Montelukast and Zafirlukast were selected as lead compounds. Phytochemicals were retrieved from NCBI?s PubChem database and grouped and docked at the antagonist binding site of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1. Results showed that five phytochemicals (Phytic acid, Heptacosanol, Triacontane, Nonacosan-15-one, n- hentriacontanol of plants solanum nigrum, tinospora cordifolia, pipper betel linn, tinospora cordifolia and vitex negundo respectively) had higher predicted binding as compared to Zafirlukast and Montelukast. However, among five identified phytochemicals, the phytic acid showed highest appreciable S score. Results of this study may be used in computer aided screening of the drugs against asthma disease.