تاریخ طبری کے ضعیف اورجھوٹے راویوں کی روایات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

History of Tibari is the well-known book of late ‘allama ibne jar┘r ║ibar┘. Its real name is Tar┘kh- ul ’ummam wal Mul┴k. History of ║ibar┘ is considered the comprehensive and encyclopedia for the first three decades and the backbone in the history of Islam. He is considered a great and lofty character especially in the history of Islam, although all the historians of the present as well as of the past take guidance from his book. Inspite of the facts there are also baseless and false quotations written about Su╒┐ba’ kir┐m, explanation of which is not reasonable. As there are present some false, man-made and illogical sayings in Tar┘kh ║ibar┘. Therefore, an explanatory summary is presented of the narrators so that it may be clyster clear that ‘Allama ║ibar┘ is trusty and worthy but his works are the combination of both facts and false.

The Role of Pakistani English Newspapers in Promoting the Pakistani Variety of English

The Role of Pakistani English Newspapers in Promoting the Pakistani Variety of English Pakistani English is heavily influenced by both Pakistani languages and indigenous cultures of Pakistan. It has developed its own grammatical and lexical features that are fairly different from those of Standard British English. Many linguists studying Pakistani variety of English language have focused on Pakistani English newspapers as an important source of data since they can provide a documented proof of the differences from the standard norms. It is relatively a new idea to identify the role of English newspapers, which can be determined only if the influence of the language of the newspapers is reflected in the writing of its readership. For this purpose, the present expost facto, causal comparative research was conducted to find the impact of language of the newspapers on its readership. The research consists of two phases: in the first phase a Survey conducted and in the second phase a Written Test was dispensed. The survey was conducted by the researcher through a simple questionnaire and those males and females who were used to reading any one of these newspapers and having no other reading habit were selected as sample of the research. In the second phase, an open book written test was given to the selected sample to find deviations in their language. It was found that the deviations from the native norms which have been regular feature of English newspapers published in Pakistan are reflected in the language of the readers of theses newspapers. Thus, the result justifies the role of English newspapers in promotion of the deviations which have been identified as a sign of a new variety of English.