جیون دا نچوڑ
جدکوئی سیانہ بندہ گل کرے تے او ہ کجھ چر لئی یاد رہندی اے تے جے اوہنوں دوبارہ توںیاد نہ کیتا جاوئے تے ہولی ہولی اُوہدا اثر مکدا جاندااے، پر جے اوسے گل نو ں کدھرے اولیک لیا جاوے تے ورھیاں بعد وی اوہ تحریر دس جاوئے تے سارا منظر سیاق و سباق سمیت کھل جاندا اے، پر کسے گل نوں سنبھال کے رکھن دی شکل اپنی تحریر دے (ایس تو ںوی وڈی)انتخاب نو ں کتابی شکل وچ چھپوانا اے ۔ جد کوئی تحریر کتابی شکل دا روپ دھار لیندی اے تے اوہ اک سند دا درجہ اختیار کر لیندی اے۔ جہڑی ورھیاں تیکر ای نیئں بلکہ صدیاں تیکر کسے نہ کسے صورت وچ محفوظ رہ سکدی اے تے ایس صورت وچ اوہد ا مصنف چاہے اپنی حیاتی دا پینڈا مکاوی لوے پر اوہدی خوبصورت سوچ ہمیش لئی دنیاتے رہندی اے۔ ملک محمد حنیف کھوکھر ساڈے وسیب دے اوس طبقے نال تعلق ر کھدے نیںجتھے جیون نو ں نیڑے توں ویکھیاای نئیں محسوس و ی کیتا جاندااے ۔ اوہناں دے ناں دے نال ڈگریاں دی اینی وڈی لسٹ اے جے اوہناں دی حیاتی دیاں پرتاں کھولن لئی اک وکھری کتاب دی لوڑ پوے گی ۔ مختصر ایہہ کہ اوہ 1980وچ پاکستان ائیر فورس دا حصہ بنے اپنی روزی روٹی دے فکر توں آزاد ہون دے باوجودانہاں اپنی ڈیوٹی توں بعد ملن والے ویلے نو ںونجایا نہیں بلکہ اوہناں اپنی تعلیم دا سلسلہ پرائیوٹ طور تے پوری سنجیدگی نال جاری رکھیا۔ اپنی 18سالہ سروس دے دوران ای اوہناں ایم اے پنجابی ،ایم اے اُردو،ایم اے سیاسیات تے ہومیو پتھک ڈاکٹردی ڈگری دا امتحان پاس کر لیا۔پھیر ایل ایل بی کیتا تے 2018وچ ایم فل اُردو دا پل وی کامیابی نال پار کر لیا۔ اپنا سارا کچھ اوہناں دی شخصیت دے نال ویکھ کے اوہناں...
The present study investigates the socio-economic problems of the labors in Brick Kilns which are situated in the vicinities of district Hyderabad (Rural). Eighty three respondents from twenty five brick kilns were selected for interview. It is found that majority of the respondents was illiterate and never visited educational, technical and religious institutions. The economic categorization of the labors revealed that majority was categorized as ‘poorest of poor’ (living below poverty line), having semi-pacca houses, earning less than 10,000 rupees per month to manage their entire family. Due to very low income they spent least amount on education and health while more on food and utilities. The general problems reported by the labors are: poor quality of drinking water, no shelter at work place, child labor, low and late payment of wages, long working hours etc. Besides these, both male and female labors informed about misbehave and use of abusive language by the owner/manager, even few of them also complained about physical abuse. Stomach problem was found as common disease in men followed by Anemia whereas in women Anemia was ranked first followed by Backache.
Among the four skills of a language, reading is a very important skill. It enhances understanding, knowledge and information. For a student, reading is very essential for concept building. Reading develops in a certain environment. Without the culture of reading, one cannot promote one's skill of reading. Thus to explore the factors affecting reading culture, a research study was carried out in Naushahro Feroze, using qualitative research method. The research was conducted through a case study methodology. Two secondary schools were selected for this research; a public school and a private school. Data was gathered through interview questionnaire and through observation of schools in terms of available reading facilities. The research participants were six students from grade six, seven and eight of both schools. Besides students, there were parents of students and six class teachers from both schools. The condition of the public school was not good which will be discussed in chapter regarding reading culture. However, the private school had somewhat reading culture. Regarding home conditions, it was known that some parents provided reading material to their children while some could not afford due to their economic issues. It was found that lack of resources and facilities regarding reading and frequent usage of electronic devices, such as mobile phones and computers, were the impeding factors for the development of reading culture. On the other hand, it was pointed out that the establishment of libraries, provision of student-friendly reading material and careful parenting, in terms of giving opportunities and facilities for reading, were the facilitating factors for development of reading culture. To sum up, it was explored that there was no reading culture in school and in society. It was strongly suggested that all stakeholders needed to take responsibility for the development of reading culture. In this regard, the government should establish libraries in each school and town. It should provide books on discount to students so that they can purchase and read books.