Telecom industry of Pakistan has been grown up in recent years despite facing many competitive challenges
similar to other industries across the globe. It is still enchanting new entrants to come into play. The purpose
of this research is to propose and test a model of customer retention in the Telecom industry of Pakistan.
Moreover, the study aims to identify the key determinants of customer retention related to telecom service
providers. It investigates the effects of perceived service quality and brand image towards customer retention.
This study also shows how mediating variable like customer satisfaction influences the relationship between
perceived service quality and brand image towards customer retention.
Successful organizations know that the key to triumph lies in their customers. Hence in today's world, the
companies who do not provide value to their customers offer an opportunity for the competitors to jump inside
and pilfer these customers. Customer satisfaction with company's offerings is often seen as crucial for victory
and long-term competitiveness. In the context of relationship marketing, customer satisfaction is often viewed
as one of the central determinants of customer retention.
Hence, this study was executed with the sample of three hundred and ten customers in the third largest city of
Pakistan, Faisalabad. Customers were the network users from both public and private sectors such as
universities, banks and shopping malls. Questionnaires were utilized as the research instrument for collecting
data. Data were collected through non-probability sampling technique. Regression analysis and Sobel test
technique were practiced to test the hypothesized relationship amongst independent, mediating and
dependent variables using SPSS.
The findings of the result suggest that operators from Telecom Industry must consider that they should focus
on the vital and core point of customer retention. This study helps to have deep insights for the managers of
telecom industry to check, where do they lack and what are their urgent need for the growth in longer run. As
customers are the essential asset for any organization and looking for new customers is relatively difficult task
with respect to monetary and time cost associated with it.
As, service quality will be ultimate battle field for all operators to retain their subscribers for longer time. As
customer retention relies on brand image and service quality of network provider strongly, such reliance is
further strengthened with mediating role of customer satisfaction. Thus, every successful organization earns
brand image when it satisfies and retains customers through better services. This overall work on retention is
going to reinforce the acute signification of customer retention in telecom industry.
کوئی تکدیاں ہی وٹ کھاندی رہی کوئی جندڑی گھول گھماندی رہی کوئی یوسف وچھڑیا، ہجر اندر کِتے اکھ یعقوب دی جاندی رہی کوئی عشق دے قول نبھاون نوں ٹِھل کچے گھڑے تے جاندی رہی ایہو زلف ہے کالی ازلاں توں دل عاشقاں دا تڑفاندی رہی جہیڑا رب سچے دا حجرا سی اوتھے حرص مکان بناندی رہی کیڈی نیک سی روح گناہواں تے پل پل تے جو پچھتاندی رہی سکھ پاسے پاسے رہے پھردے جند دکھاں وچ کرُماندی رہی
The text is larger pattern of any language; it consists smaller units of a language. The Aristotle was among the earliest who discussed the unity of text, then letter on Arabian scholars especially philosophers started to relate it with Quranic text and analysis it according this concept; even some of them claim that the unity of Quranic text is the only reason in its “Ijaaz”. And more then that there were some others who discussed its different aspects in Arabic poetry and prose in the same time. On the other hand the western scholar studied the same “textual unity” in different ways in modern textual linguistics by defining the “unity” as a larger pattern of text. This work will discuss the all aspects of textual unit and its relations with larger pattern in the light of textual linguistics.
Title: A critical study of the use of educational technology at secondary school level in Pakistan: A case study of the province of NWFP. Pages: Researcher: Supervisor: University: Year: Subject: Degree: 323 Sajjad Hayat Akhtar Prof. Dr. Parveen Munshi University of Sindh 2009 Education Ph.D The study looked into a descriptive research to evaluate the use of educational technology at secondary school level in Pakistan. The study has defined the availability, usefulness, problems, emerging trends and status of educational technology. The main focus of the study is the utilisation and availability of educational technology. Data was collected through survey and questionnaires. Main objectives of the study were to determine the availability, usefulness, problems, emerging trends and status of educational technology. To achieve these objectives, the researcher has analysed and synthesised the data for testing the following null hypotheses. Hypotheses: 1. There is no significant difference in the status of the provision of educational technology at secondary schools in rural as well as urban areas in NWFP. 2. There is no significant difference in the problems/ issue of the educational technology at secondary schools in rural as well as urban areas in NWFP. 3. There is no significant difference in the scope and opportunities of educational technology at secondary schools in rural as well as urban areas in NWFP. 4A vast literature review was conducted on the secondary school record as well as on the related educational technology literature. The researcher administered three different self-assessment questionnaires on sampled principals, teachers and students at secondary level. For demographic profile percentages were used to compare the frequencies of the responses. Chi square was applied to measure the availability, usefulness, emerging trends, utilization and status of educational technology. Sampling errors was calculated to judge the adequacy of the sample. The data revealed o The focus of varied educational technology revealed that radio and television are not accessible as a medium of instruction in rural as well as urban areas. o It was found that the teachers do not make effective use of educational technology in rural areas. o It was observed that the educational technology is not available for technical subject both in rural as well as urban areas. o It was found that teachers are not using audio cassettes for drama, documentaries and group discussion in rural as well as urban areas. o The study identified that computer is not available both in rural as well as urban areas. o It was examined that computer mediated communication is not available as a medium of instruction in rural as well as urban areas. o It was also revealed that internet is not available in rural as well as urban areas. o It was found that computer mediated communication is not used for counselling and science subjects both urban as well rural areas. o It was found that overhead projector is not used in rural as well as urban areas. o The students were confronted with the problems that the teachers do not use flash card, felt board, static model, sectional model, slides, opaque projectors and models in rural as well as urban areas. o It was found that the teachers do not send their recommendations about the subjects to higher authorities in rural as well as urban areas. o In the same way that the syllabus is frequently being revised both in rural as well as urban areas. 5o It was also found that the teachers have no chances for refreshers courses both in rural as well as urban areas. o It was discovered that enough places are not available for the use of educational technology. o It was found the educational exhibition are not frequently arranged both in rural as well as urban areas. The study recommends: Educational technology should provide for technical subjects. Teachers may send their recommendation about the subjects to higher authorities. Refresher courses may be arranged both for rural as well as urban areas teachers. Besides, educational exhibition may be arranged both for rural as well as urban areas. Adequate coordination between teachers and students may be provided both urban as well as rural areas. Teachers and principal’s participation may be ensured in policy making. The provision of trained educational technology teachers may be ensured. The sufficient budget may be allocated for educational technology. The head of the institutions may be authorised to purchase educational technology equipment. Television channel may be launched for secondary students. Computer must be compulsory for each student. Computer subjects may be included as a compulsory subject at secondary level. Student’s advisory service may be provided to each student at secondary level. All the elements of instructional technology must be ensured in each and every school.