نواب عبدالسلام خان رامپوری
نواب عبدالسلام خان مرحوم رامپوری سب جج ان لوگوں میں تھے جن کو کتابوں کا عاشق زار کہنا چاہئے، وہ عمر بھر نوادر کتب کے جمع کرنے میں مصروف رہے اور وہ ان کو اس قدر عزیز رکھتے تھے کہ ان کے لیے ہر قسم کی تکلیف گوارا کرلینا راحت جانتے تھے، مونڈہ پانڈے ضلع مراد آباد ریلوے اسٹیشن کے قریب ان کا گاؤں تھا، وہاں یہ ان کا کتب خانہ تھا، ابھی ایک ہی دو برس ہوئے کہ ان کا انتقال ہوا، ان کے صاحبزادوں نے اب اپنے کتب خانہ کی (۱۱۴۸) کتابیں مسلم یونیورسٹی کی لٹن لائبریری کو پانچ برس کے واسطے مستعار دے دی ہیں، کتابیں لائبریری میں پہنچ چکی ہیں اور ان کی فہرست تیار ہورہی ہے، امید ہے کہ ہماری مسلم یونیورسٹی ان جواہر پاروں کی قدر کرے گی اور اس مدت میں ان سے کچھ فائدہ اٹھائے گی۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، فروری ۱۹۳۱ء)
Pak-China relations have been exemplary in the contemporary international politics. Both States have been maintaining strong ties in terms of diplomatic and military cooperation. However, the close economic cooperation has added a new dimension in the Pak-China all weather partnership. Over the years, China and Pakistan strategic cooperation has evolved at unprecedented level. In the year 2013, the Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed the construction of One Belt One Road (OBOR) that aims to connect China with West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia and Middle East. It is a bitter fact that, since 9/11 Pakistan has suffered in socio-political and especially in economic dimension. The regional security environment and rise of extremism and terrorism has resulted into the hampering economic development. Therefore, the CPEC project will prove to be game changer and when completed it will have deep impact on economic development of Pakistan in future. The CPEC provides an opportunity for Pakistan to stabilize its society and reshape its positive image at international level from fragile State to emerging economy in the South Asian region. The rise of China in economic sphere has been jealously seen by other developed countries while for Pakistan it has been a blessing factor. Thus, Pak- China strategic partnership entered into the new phase of economic cooperation that will certainly change the dynamics of the regional politics. This paper aims to discuss the multiple dimensions of CPEC its importance for Pakistan and China along with its internal and external challenges. Moreover, economic and security perspectives will be focused in detail. To fully understand the role of CPEC as driving force of economic prosperity, this paper discusses its potential as a game changer for both China and Pakistan. ___________
Background: In emergency surgeries requiring endotracheal intubation, the time to effect of neuromuscular blocking drugs is a crucial time in which patients are predisposed to hypoxia and aspiration into the lungs. Various strategies have been undertaken to shorten this time, including the timing and the priming techniques, dose changes and use of a flush following the muscle relaxant. All these methods had positive results but some are associated with side effects. The effectiveness of a muscle relaxant can either be assessed using the train of four or intubating conditions on the Goldberg scale. In this study, the plan is to investigate the effects of a 20 ml saline bolus following intravenous rocuronium at 0.6 mg/kg on the proportions of patients with excellent intubating conditions at one minute.
Methodology: Fifty-two patients were randomly allocated to the saline bolus group or the no saline flush group. Anaesthesia was induced using propofol and remifentanil via target-controlled infusion (TCI) and maintained with the same. Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg intravenous (IV) was administered followed by a 20 ml saline flush in the study group compared to administration of 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium without a saline bolus in the control group. Intubation conditions were assessed using the Goldberg scale filled by the intubating doctor. The onset of neuromuscular block was assessed by the train of four T1 height depression with an accelerometer attached to the adductor pollicis muscle.
Results: There were 25 patients in each group. Patients in both groups were comparable with respect to demographic profiles. In the group with a flush, 18(62.1%) patients had “excellent” and seven (33.3%) patients had “good” intubating conditions as opposed to 11 (37.9%) having “excellent” and 14 (66.7%) having “good” intubating condition in the group without a flush. The distribution of intubating conditions for the two groups showed a difference of 24.2% in the proportion of patients with excellent intubating conditions which was statistically significant (P=0.042). There was no association between twitch height at one minute and intubating conditions.
Conclusion: In this group of patients studied, the administration of a 20 ml saline flush after 0.6mg/kg rocuronium significantly increases the proportion of patients with excellent intubating conditions as compared to rocuronium without a saline flush.