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Home > Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment on the Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment on the Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Farooq

Department

Department of Management Sciences

Program

Mphil

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Subject

Management Sciences

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728807543

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OJ is the justice perception of employees regarding the fairness in procedures which are defined by the organization and the fairness in distribution of organizational resources like promotion and payments. Studies have shown that employees who will perceive the fairness in justice system of the organization will be more committed compared to others and their commitment in response develops citizenship behaviors amongst them. This study in hand was conducted to specify the impact of OJ on OCB in different industry and culture i.e. educational sector of KPK working under Workers Welfare Board (WWB) Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Moreover, the study also has taken employees commitment as the mediator on the relationship between OJ and OCB. The hypothesized relationship of these variables was measured with three different adapted questionnaires. Data was collected by distributing 300 questionnaires to the respondents who were selected on convenience sampling technique. After collection of data it was entered into SPSS and reliability, validity tests of the tool were conducted. On successful completion of these tests, correlation and regression were run on the data so that the effect and relation of variables can be analyzed. The outcome was consistent with previous research and revealed the fact that the relationship among independent (OJ) and dependent (OCB) variable was significant and this relationship was partially mediated by the mediator (OC) taken in the study. The study has significant outcomes and the management of WWB could utilize the findings of this study in order to bring more transparency in their procedures and distribution channels of organizational resources in order to build more committed workforce rather than a crowd of employees.
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حبیب کیفوی

 حبیب کیفوی (۱۹۱۰ء۔۱۹۹۱ء) کا اصل نام حبیب اﷲ ہے۔ کیفوی جموں میں پیدا ہوئے ۔لیکن قیام ِپاکستان کے بعد جموں سے سیالکوٹ ہجرت کی اور سیالکوٹ میں مستقل رہائش اختیار کر لی۔(۵۱۸)

حبیب کیفوی کا ایک شعری مجموعہ’’آتشِ چنار‘‘ مکتبہ تعمیر انسانیت لاہور نے ۱۹۵۶ء میں شائع کیا۔ اس مجموعے کا پیش لفظ محمد عبداﷲ قریشی مدیر’’حقیقت اسلام‘‘ نے لکھا ہے۔ یہ شعری کلام کشمیر اور آزادی کشمیر کے حوالے سے کہی گئی نظموں اور ترانوں پر مشتمل ہے۔

شاعری کے علاوہ کیفوی نے تنقید و تحقیق کے حوالے سے بھی بہت کچھ لکھا ہے۔ جس پر حصہ نثر میں تفصیلاً بحث ہو گئی ہے۔ یہ حقیقت ہے کہ سیالکوٹ کے شعرا نے کشمیریات پر شاعری کی ہے۔ اقبال سمیت ہر سیالکوٹی شاعر کے کلام میں کشمیر کے حوالے سے شاعری دیکھی جا سکتی ہے۔ حبیب کیفوی کی ساری شاعری ہی کشمیر اور آزادی کشمیر کی محبت و داستان پر مشتمل ہے۔

کیفوی نے اپنے شعری مجموعے کا نام ’’آتش چنار‘‘ اقبال کے ایک شعر سے لیا ہے۔ اور وہ شعر بھی کشمیر کے حوالے سے لکھا گیا ہے۔ آتش چنار الفاظ کی کشمیر سے خاص مناسبت ہے۔اقبال کا شعر ملاحظہ ہو:

جس خاک کے ضمیر میں ہے آتشِ چنار

 

ممکن نہیں کہ سرد ہو وہ خاک ارجمند

حبیب کیفوی کی شاعری کشمیر اور تحریک آزادی کشمیر جیسے موضوعات کا احاطہ کرتی ہے۔ غزل ہو یا نظم کیفوی کا شاعری کے حوالے سے موضوع صرف اور صرف کشمیر ہی رہا ہے۔ اس حوالے سے عبداﷲ قریشی رقم طراز ہیں:

آتشِ چنار حبیب کیفوی کی ان نظموں کا مجموعہ ہے جو پاکستان آنے کے بعد تحریکِ آزادی کشمیر کے مرحلوں پر مختلف واقعات...

Pleasure versus Virtue Ethics in The Light of Aristotelians and the Utilitarianism of John Stuart Mills and Jeremy Bentham

The question of the end of morality is certainly as old as moral speculation itself. It is this question that prompted Aristotle speculating on moral or character virtue. Moral question is properly a human question since only human beings are expected to act in a given way and are subject to praise and reward or blame and punishment. We should remember that also God and angels are expected to act in a given way, but that would, strictly speaking, be the subject of moral theology and revelation, since without revelation depending only on reason, we cannot examine the acts of God and angels in order to determine how they should act. In short, it is only human beings who can be judged to act morally or immorally if we depend only on human reason, without the support of revelation. In the whole work, Stuart Mills and Jeremy Bentham stick on happiness, though each differ in approaches. Consequentialists are after the greatest happiness of the greatest number, by advocating on the struggle to that which may make man happy and avoid evil by all means. Aristotle on his side is on eudaimonism, where man is found to be happy but moral happy. Happiness for Aristotle should be reasonable, morally good and means should be maintained. This research is analytical by nature, where both qualitative and analytical methods have been implemented throughout the work. The work has been successful though some challenges could not be avoided. Finally, in doing or acting, man should observe virtue; and this is always doing good and avoiding evil.  

Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L. under Different Agro- Climatic Conditions of Punjab-Pakistan

A field study was carried out to determine the impact of climate change on growth, nitrogen use efficiency and achene yield in sunflower production under arid, semi arid and sub humid conditions of Punjab, Pakistan. The experimental data needed to run the model was obtained from two years (2008 and 2009) field experiments conducted at three locations, including the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI) Multan, Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, and the Adaptive Research Farm, Gujranwala. The achene yield among various treatments was associated with the growth and development of crop or to their photosynthetic activity. At all the experimental locations, the nitrogen level 180 kg ha - 1 gave maximum yield as compared to standard (120 kg N ha -1 ) N dose. Similarly, Hysun-38 performed well, in terms of achene yield and achene oil yield at different agro-climatic conditions than other sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33 and Pioneer-64A93). Sub humid (Gujranwala) environmental conditions are much better as compared to semi arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Multan) climate for sunflower productivity. The OILCROP-SUN model testing and application in this study established that this specific model could be satisfactorily used as a research tool in different agro-environmental conditions of Punjab-Pakistan. The OILCROP- SUN model was calibrated and evaluated under local conditions and it predicted phenology, growth and yield of sunflower to a reasonable accuracy among different sunflower hybrids and nitrogen application. The findings propose that the model can be used to direct the alternate path for improving sunflower production in Pakistan. The climate change analysis describes the strong effect of temperature increment on sunflower production. The achene yield will be considerably reduced with increasing temperatures up to 2 o C in the area. If we look at present scenario than it can be estimated that there will be reduction in yield up to 25 % beyond 2050 for sunflower crop. Future studies for possible effects of climate change on field crop production should therefore includes, more number of weather stations to better reflect the heterogeneity in different cropping areas, standardization of field crop production technology through crop growth models should be initiated, development of site specific mitigation strategies to enhance agricultural productivity under changing climate scenarios. At the end, following suggestions must be under take to meet the challenges of changed climate on sunflower productivity, I) the development or breeding of new sunflower hybrids must be initiative that might be tolerant to higher temperature and adverse climatic conditions, II) The water storage capacity should be enhanced and proficiently managed to increase water use efficiency under changed climatic conditions for different field crops to get maximum benefit and ultimately to meet the challenge of food security. III) All the agronomic management practices (hybrid selection, sowing method and time, application of irrigation & fertilizer, insect pest and disease management) may need to meet the needs of food security under threatens of climate change, IV) More number of weather stations to better reflect the heterogeneity in different cropping areas must be initiated so that site specific production technology might be developed.