Tughra-e-Mashadi is amongst the eminent Irani poets, writers and treatiser of the 11th century. The government of Safvee in those times was neglectful towards the development of art and literature, which further disheartened many poets and writers and forced them to move to the Indo Pak subcontinent and Tughra was one of them. It was the Time of Mughal reign, a time when literature was flourishing. Tughra-e-Mashadi came to Dakkan for some time and then worked in the court of King Shahjahan. Later he got appointed as a MUNCHI of Prince Muraci Bakhsh. Tughra-e-Mashadi was well known for his poetry and prose. His writings had an amalgamation of Persian prose and poetry and Hindi words. His poetic works includes qasaid, ghazals, rubayat, qataat and masnawee. The prose depicts his hard work in minutely expressing the thoughts and ideas by the interfusion of verse in prose. A few of his Rassails also start with a verses. His writing style is inspired by Gulistan-e-Saadi. Tughra-e-Mashade has not only used stylized language in prose but has also provided vivid paraphrasing and explanation. The most striking feature of Tughra's Treatises are that they were part of the curriculum in the 11th century. Dr.Zabih-ul-Ilah safa aminent scholar of Iran considers Tugra-e - Mashadi as the second famous writer who got popularity for his works during his life. Another Iranian scholar All Akbar Dehkhuda has also talked about Tugra-e-Mashadi in his "Lughat -namma".Tugra-e -Mashadi has beautifully written about different topics like the success stories of kings, literature mysticism, astronomy, the health benefits of various herbs, and the beauty and serenity of different cities in his Rassail. In his Ruqaaat he has talked about rulers and the contemporary poets and writers. Tugra-e-Mashadi's language was difficult to understand that is why most of his writings could not be deeply understood and therefore no authentic work has been done. In this thesis the researcher has selected one of the earliest manuscripts and compared it with three different authentic manuscripts that were collected from GangBaksh Library Islamabad, Karachi Museum Library and British Museum Library London. The in accuracies of grammar and punctuation are written in the foot notes along with the meanings of Hindi words used in the original text. The meanings of Quranic verses and Hadith are also mentioned for further understanding. The researcher has recorded the fragments in exactly the same manner as that of the original text. Research is required on the manuscripts available in our libraries for further knowledge on various topics relating to art and literature.
مظہر امام /پروفیسر شہریار/پروفیسر مغنی تبسم افسوس اس ماہ فروری میں اردو کے آسماں پر درخشاں، چند ستاروں کے چھپ جانے سے اردو دنیا کی رونق میں کمی آگئی، جناب مظہر امام ، پروفیسر شہریار ، پروفیسر مغنی تبسم یکے بعد دیگرے رخصت ہوئے، مظہر امام کی شناخت آزاد غزل کے حوالے سے ہے، کئی شعری اور تنقیدی کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، پروفیسر شہریار اور پروفیسر مغنی تبسم، ہندوستان کی دو ممتاز جامعات یعنی مسلم یونیورسٹی اور جامعہ عثمانیہ میں اردو کے کامیاب اور نامور استاد ہی نہیں، شعرو ادب کی دنیا میں صاحب مرتبہ و مقام بھی تھے، شہریار کی شہرت گو ان کی زندگی کے دور آخر میں خوشبو کی طرح عام ہوئی لیکن نشاط غم اور رنج شادمانی کے مختصر اور فانی لمحات کا ساتھ عمر بھر رہا، ان کی شہرت کے شہپر جب سمٹے ہوئے تھے اس وقت بھی انہوں نے اس خاموشی کو بلیغ معانی دیے تھے، خواب، رات، دیار، پرچھائیں، سفر، تشنہ لبی کے پردے میں وہ دیار دل اور بزم دوستاں تلاش کرتے رہے، مغنی تبسم شہریار کے پیشہ تدریس میں ہی شریک نہیں رسالہ شعرو حکمت میں بھی برابر کے سہیم تھے، وہ حیدرآباد کے دائرہ ادبیات اردو اور رسالہ سب رس سے مدتوں وابستہ رہے، فانی بدایونی پر تحقیق کی تھی، درجنوں کتابیں لکھیں، عجیب بات ہے کہ ادبی سفر میں مغنی تبسم اور شہریار ساتھ ساتھ رہے، ابدی سفر میں بھی یہ رفاقت قائم رہی، شہریار کے نام ایک خط میں مغنی تبسم نے لکھا تھا کہ ’’شاعری تو ایسی چیز ہے جو خدا، انسان اور کائنات کے درمیان پچھلی راتوں کا دعائیہ بن جاتی ہے، کتنے لوگ ہیں جوان ساعتوں میں دست دعا دراز کرتے ہیں‘‘، مغفرت کے لیے کوئی عمل یا کوئی قول کام آسکتا ہے، ہمارا دست دعا بھی اسی لیے دراز ہے۔...
تناول البحث موضوع أثر الميراث على التنمية المستدامة وفقًا لرؤية المملكة 2030، وقد قسمت البحث إلى مبحثين، المبحث الأول وتناولت فيه التعريف بنظام الميراث في الشريعة الإسلامية، ثم تطرقت إلى ببان أركان الميراث، وأهم شروط استحقاق الإرث، كما تناولت مواضع الميراث التي تجعل وجود الوارث كعدمه، ثم تطرقت إلى أهم الحقوق المتعلقة بالتركة، وبناءً على ذلك فإن هذه الدراسة تهدف إلى التعريف بكل من نظام الميراث والتنمية المستدامة، وبيان أثر نظام الميراث في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، وذلك بالاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وقد توصل الباحث إلى العديد من النتائج المهمة التي يمكن أن تجدي نفعًا في البحوث المشابهة، وأهم هذه النتائج تتمثل في أن نظام الميراث له أثر في القضاء على الفقر بجميع أشكاله عبر تحفيزه للمورث على امتلاك الأموال، وحفظ الحقوق لأصحابها، وحماية حقوق الورثة وأنصبتهم من التبديل والتغيير، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة عمل المنظم على استحداث الأنظمة العدلية التي تتوافق مع رؤية المملكة في التنمية المستدامة وتساعد في تحقيقها، على أن تكون هذه الأنظمة متوافقة مع أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية.
In the Native Americans’ worldview, nature holds a special place; for this reason, in our contemporary concerns about environment and its degradation, the Native American literature has been attracting specific critical attention. They not only identify themselves with nature but also have a life sharing bond of interdependence with it. The European colonisation displaced the Native Americans from their homeland. Their natural resources have been mercilessly exploited since then; resulting into fatal diseases and poverty. Hence, environmental degradation continues to marginalise the Native Americans perpetually. Compelled by abject poverty, they have been left with no options but to sell their native land and animals. They have been enduring great pain due to the loss of nature; even have lost their very identity. This research work is the analysis of Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead, Ceremony and N. Scott Momaday’s House Made of Dawn and The Ancient Child. The novels depict the distinguished features of the Native American’s cultural and spiritual vision rooted in nature. The destructive activities of the European colonisers wreaked havoc in the Native Americans’ life by separating them from their beloved environment. This not only made them impoverished but also destroyed their mental peace. Keeping these issues in view, Silko and Momaday offer a depiction, in their works, of the importance of restoring the Native Americans’ lost identity by challenging the Euro-Americans’ relegation of nature and the Native Americans to a lower stratum to be destroyed and dominated. Finally, the present research reveals that nature is an integral part of the Native Americans’ lives and destruction of it is detrimental to their very existence. The research findings indicate that the selected texts neutralise the Euro-Americans’ misrepresentation of the Native Americans’ intimacy with nature and expose the European devastating activities for colonising purpose under the guise of development and civilisation.