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پاکستانی اردو لغات جامع کا تقابلی جائزہ + ضمیمہ

Thesis Info

Author

شمیم طارق

Department

Department of Urdu

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Modern Languages

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Subject

Urdu Language

Language

Urdu

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728815022

Similar


A comparative of Pakistani Comprehensive Urdu Dictionaries has been undertaken in the thesis. For this purpose three lexicons have been chose, which are commonly used in offices and institutions: Ilmi Urdu; Feroze-ul-Lughaat and Nasim ul Lughaat. In chapter one details are given in "MOQADMA" about this thesis and then thesis has been divided according to the alphabet, for instance the alphabet for Alif to Say have been analysed in Chapter two. Chapter three has been devoted to Jeem to Kha and in the fourth chapter alphabet Daal to Zhey have been dealt. In chapter five the alphabet Seen to Ghain are studies. Chapter six deals with letters Fay to Gaaf and in chapter seven the alphabets from Laam to the last letter Yay. Finally a general discussion has been Conducted in chapter eight. The diacrical sign A' has been Taken from all the three dictionaries and all the words starting with A have been put together that are in harmony with each other in their idioms, sayings, proverbs, composition, pronunciation and calligraphic shape and also in the masculine and feminine forms. Besides there are such words that are found in TWO dictionaries and are not included in the THIRD dictionary. Such words and composites are analyzed separately. In the case where in one alphabet the number of synonymous words, and proverbs are too many, are given on three/ fourth 3⁄4 of the pages. The rest are given in annexure so that the volume of thesis does not get out of the proportion of other alphabets, and the size of the thesis does not get unwieldy. The words are usually spoken in Punjabi are written under separate heading. It has been mentioned as to which word are found in a particular dictionary, and the others that are found in all the dictionaries have been mentioned. The meanings of such words as given in dictionaries are also mentioned. Then there are words of English origin that have been urduised because of constant usage such words have been treated separately according to the dictionary where these occur. Feroze-ul-Lughaat has mentioned such words even when their synonyms in Urdu are available. Lastly there is a list of words that have been mentioned differently in one or two dictionaries in respect of pronunciation, discritical signs, shape, writing or in masculine or feminine forms. Such words have been researched critically with reference to other dictionaries. In majority of cases the unanimity of rules and the usage have been observed. Similarly the masculine and feminine forms have been authenticated and effort has been made to attend to all possible lexical aspects. In this way all the words from Alif to Yay have been analysed and researched.
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عقل مندی دی گل

عقل مندی دی گل

پرانے وقتاں دی گل اے کہ اک ملک اتے اک بڈھا بادشاہ حکمران سی۔ اوس دا اکو اک پتر سی جو بہتا لائق نہ سی۔ بادشاہ دے اک وزیر دے پتر دی بادشاہ دے پتر نال بہت گہری دوستی سی۔ دونویں اک دوجے نال بہت محبت کردے سن۔ بادشاہ پریشان سی کہ اوہدے مرن توں بعد بادشاہ وزیر دا پتر بن جاوے گا کیوں جے اوہ زیادہ ہوشیار تے عقل مند اے۔ بادشاہ نے ایہناں نوں اک دوجے توں وکھ کرن دا منصوبہ بنایا۔ ایہہ کم کروان لئی اوس اک چالاک عورت نوں سدیا تے آکھیا اوہ اپنی چالاکی نال دونواں نوں اک دوجے توں وکھ کر دیوے۔ اوس عورت نے حامی بھر لئی تے اوتھوں چلے گئی۔

اگلے دن پروگرام دے مطابق اوس عورت نے وزیر دے منڈے نال محل توں باہر کھڑے ہو کے گلاں شروع کر دتیاں۔ دربار وچ آون والا ہر بندہ اوہناں نوں گلاں کر دے ویکھ رہیا سی۔ بادشاہ دے پتر نے وی اوہناں نوں گلاں کردے ویکھیا۔ اوس عورت نے کوئی وی چنگی گل اوس نال نئیں کیتی صرف بادشاہ دے پتر دے دل وچ نفرت پیدا کرن لئی اوہدے کول کھلوتی رہی۔ جدوں اوہ چلے گئی تے بادشاہ دے پتر نے اوس نوں بلا کے ہوون والیاں گلاں بارے پچھیا۔ اوس جواب دتا کہ کوئی گل تیرے بارے نئیں ہوئی۔ پر اوہنوں ایس اتے غصہ بہت سی تے بادشاہ نے اوہنوں قتل کرن دا حکم جاری کر دتا۔ فوجی جدوں اوہنوں قتل کرن لے کے جا رہے سن۔ اوس ویلے بادشاہ دا پتر وی آ گیا۔ پر اوہ اپنے باپ دے حکم دے سامنے بے بس سی۔ سپاہی اوس نوں پھڑ کے لے جا رہے سن کہ اوہنے سپاہیاں نوں آکھیا کہ بادشاہ نوں اصل حقیقت داپتہ نئیں۔ جدوں...

کلام اقبال اور عشق مصطفے ﷺ

Dr. Muhammad Iqbal is an outstanding poet-philosopher, perhaps the most influential Muslim thinker of the 20th century. His poetry, both Urdu and Persian, is great. Iqbal's philosophy is known as the philosophy of selfhood (KHUDI). His philosophy determines the fact that the purpose of life is the development of inner-self. This goal of human being is definitely achieved by the true love of God, and sincere obedience of His Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). As the holy Quran declares loud and clear: "Say: if you do love Allah, follow me: Allah will love you and forgive you your sins."  This article is about the gist of Dr. Iqbal's poetry, which is the love and devotion of Allah's beloved Messenger Muhammad (PBUH). Just like Rumi, Dr. Iqbal had a similar pattern of love for the personality of the prophet. He made Him to be the role-model in bringing the socio-political change within the Muslim society of his time. He firmly believes:  If you are loyal to Muhammad, then We are yours The world is naught: The Pen of Destiny shall be yours

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyethylene Composites Based on Polysaccharide

Some novel biodegradable polymer composites were synthesized, using polyolefin as a matrix with various natural polymers including chitosan, starch and carboxymethyl cellulose as biodegradable additives. The compatibility of the components was enhanced with different silane coupling agents. The materials were heat mixed in brabender plasti- corder mixer using roller rotor. During mixing, different temperatures were used to mix and decompose the initiator to start the grafting of silane and crosslinking of the polymer. The blended materials were hot pressed into sheets. The hydrolysis and the condensation reactions of silane were carried out in hot water at 95°C for 20 hours. After crosslinking reactions, the prepared sheets were dried in vacuum oven for 16 hours before characterization. The structural analysis of the non-crosslinked and crosslinked composites was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. The crosslinking reaction was confirmed by FTIR spectra, which revealed the important absorption peaks of siloxane (Si-O-Si) and Si-O-C bonds. SEM images also revealed that crosslinking has improved the dispersion and interaction between polymer and the additives. The degree of crosslinking as determined by gel content analysis was found to be directly proportional to the amount of chitosan in HDPE/chitosan composite. In LLDPE/starch/sepiolite composite, it decreased with high sepiolite loading. Thermogravimetric analysis showed higher thermal stability of the crosslinked composites. Differential scanning calorimetry showed decreasing trend of percentage crystallinity with increasing amount of additive. This behavior is associated to the network structure and the disorder of close packing of polyethylene chains. Rheological studies of crosslinked composites showed linear viscoelastic behavior with high complex viscosities (h*) and dynamic shear storage moduli (G`) reflecting a strong interaction between matrix-filler interphase and the elastic nature of the crosslinked samples. High tensile strength (TS) and reduced elongation at break (Eb) values were observed in all the crosslinked samples of HDPE/chitosan and HDPE/carboxymethyl cellulose composites. However, the TS and Eb values of non-crosslinked and crosslinked formulations for LLDPE/starch/sepiolite composite showed decreasing trends with high starch and sepiolite loading. Creep experiments indicated a small deformation in crosslinked composites, which showed that silane effectively coupled the immiscible components.