This dissertation explores metaphysical elements in Urdu Ghazal from its beginning to the creation of Pakistan. Deccani period, the period of far-fetched conceit (eehaam), the period of Meer and Sauda, the period of Ghalib and the period of modern poetry exhibit metaphysical elements specifically. Under the umbrella of metaphysics, the traces of ontology, cosmology and psychology in Pakistani Ghazal are discussed referentially in this dissertation. The ontological topics of being, attributes, transcendence, eminence, reality, form, revelation and prophet hood; the cosmological concerns like the creation of universe, thought, wonder, mortality, immortality, world of forms; the general metaphysical concepts like death, the grave, the resurrection, paradise and hell, and the psychological aspects like human being, soul, heart, ethics, destiny of man, prayer, free will, predestination, beauty and amour are analyzed in the perspective of Pakistani Ghazal. In Pakistani Ghazal, Hafeez Jalandhri, Abdul Hameed Adam, Hafeez Hoshiarpuri, Yousuf Zafar, Majeed Amjad, Ihsan Danish, Raees Amrohawi, Ahmad Nadeem Qasimi, Ja'far Tahir, Mohib Arifi, Munir Niazi, Nasir Kazimi, Abdul Aziz Khalid, Tauseef Tabassum, Wasif Ali Wasif, John Ailiye, Ghulam Muhammad Qasir, Khurshid Rizwi, Muhammad Izhar ul Haq, Jaleel Aali, Sarwat Husain and Saood Usmani are prominent for their metaphysical elements in their poetry. The works of above mentioned poets are discussed and analyzed in this dissertation chronologically.
نہ کر سانوں تنگ او ماہی چل اساڈے سنگ او ماہی تیرے پیار تے جان وکائی سڑ گئے وانگ پتنگ او ماہی دل ساڈا پیا دھک دھک ڈولے چھنکے جس دم ونگ او ماہی کوئی عاشق، کوئی نفرت کردا قدرت دے نیں رنگ او ماہی وچوں ٹھگ تے اتوں بھولا ویکھو وکھرے رنگ او ماہی ماہی دِسّے چار چوفیرے رچیا ہر ہر انگ او ماہی پیا رقیب تیاریاں کر دا رنگ دے وچ پا بھنگ او ماہی
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is thedisease condition in which our gastrointestinal(GI) tract is affected and cause abdominal pain and discomfort that is associated with change in the stools form and frequency. In this condition one may suffer from diarrhea, constipation or both at the same time. This disorder is very common now days because of unhealthy eating habits mostly in females. Manyfactors are responsible for IBS like food, environment, genetic and psychological factors. IBS can be overcomed by improving our eating habits and lifestyle and also by following different diets like FODMAP and GLUTEN FREE diet. Probiotics and herbs are also very beneficial in curing IBS.
Thesis Title: A Study of Job Satisfaction of Academic and Administrative Staff working in Elementary Education System of the Punjab Job satisfaction of academic and administrative staff of elementary education is very vital because teaching and administration at elementary level is venerated and sensitive job. Job satisfaction has been a question mark and in debate by the researchers since long. It gained much importance due to its significance for the achievement of objectives of any organization. The purpose of this study was to explore job satisfaction of academic and administrative staff working in the Elementary Education System of Punjab. The respondents for this study were academic and administrative staff taken of two Districts of Punjab i.e. Sahiwal and Rawalpindi. The overall response rate was 88%. Fifty seven Assistant Education Officers, 261 Headmasters, and 522 Teachers responded the questionnaire. Majority of the respondents n=702, 83.6% were from the rural area while n=138, 16.4% from urban area. Overall response rate of females was more than the male staff. 63% of the whole sample was of more than 40 years of age. Majority of respondents were having master degree. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to collect data from the respondents. Stratified random sampling technique was used to take the sample from population. After seeking permission for survey from Executive District Officer (Education) Sahiwal and Rawalpindi; the researcher send questionnaire through mail to the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data. Frequencies and percentages along with mean value of responses were tabulated and calculated. The t-test was applied to know the difference of means and Pearson r value was also calculated. The findings of study show that as whole respondents were satisfied with their job. However they were not satisfied with three dimensions (out of twenty) of the job i.e., „advancement‟, „Education Policies‟ and „compensation‟. No significant differences between job satisfaction of academic and administrative staff was found as a whole. However, by parts a significant difference of job satisfaction was found between academic and administrative staff from District Sahiwal. Similarly a significant difference of job satisfaction observed between male and female teachers from District Sahiwal.