عصر حاضر کے تناظر میں اسلامی فلاحی ریاست کے اصول و مبادی

In every age, the state has been a better form of the congregation and an integral part of societies. There has never been a state in human history that has introduced so many social reforms in a short period of time as Madina State did in a short period of time. That is why the state of Madina will remain a role model for all states established until the Day of Judgment. History testifies that as long as Islamic states followed this role model, their contemporary states continued to envy on their social, economic and military position. But unfortunately, the decline of the Muslim Ummah reached the peak by the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the representative state of the Muslims, in the early twentieth century. But before the half-century was over, the Islamic world began to gain independence from colonial powers. By the end of the twentieth century, more than fifty Muslim countries appeared on the geography of the modern world, but their flags were the spokesmen for colors, ethnicity, language, and region except for Pakistan. Political freedom from ideological and intellectual freedom could not be transformed by the Islamic nation’s imperialist powers Rather, the political leadership continued to work on the agenda of the West, causing many social and economic problems for the present Islamic States. The prevailing conditions of the present Islamic countries require that their rulers should re-establish their policies by making Madina state as their role model. The following article presents a golden outline of the welfare state, which will help to make the current Islamic state a welfare state.

Innovation in Practicals

This study highlights the fact that practical work in science teaching needs radical changes, if we want our students to become problem solver' scientists. WHAT I SET OUT TO DO I introduced the skills of hypothesizing, planning the experiment and inferring, in the conduct of practical work, in a government school. The time I had was 28 days. WHAT I DID I worked 4 days a week, during which I conducted interviews before and after the introduction of the new approach. In my sample were 2 teachers and 5 students. Initially the teachers planned the lesson with me, and then they brought it to action in the science classroom. WHAT I FOUND OUT It was found that presently the emphasis was on rote learning. Students blindly followed the procedure directed by the teacher. All the instruction and even conclusions were determined before. Also found was the fact that the new strategy of hypothesizing, planning the experiment and inferring which I introduced in my study, provides opportunities for the students to think and reflect upon their work. This would aid their cognitive development and help them to become real problem solving scientists. Also studied in this dissertation were the various constraints such as time and resources. The effect of the present examination system which promotes rote learning has also been discussed.